【成人自考】【高级英语】【00600】2017年04月考试真题
(1).Such a___________proposal would never get through Parliament.
A.popular正确答案D
B.detailed
C.reasonable
D.radical
(2).He________himself from hospital against the advice of doctors.
A.removed正确答案C
B.separated
C.discharged
D.liberated
(3).No one knows whether a child’s________towards fatness is inherited or due to the food he eats.
A.tendency正确答案A
B.possibility
C.progress
D.movement
(4).The fall of the Berlin Wall______the end of the Cold War between East and West.
A.showed正确答案C
B.explained
C.symbolized
D.announced
(5).If children were made to feel_________to other children their confidence declined.
A.close正确答案B
B.inferior
C.related
D.indifferent
(6).The frequent policy changes in the company have created growing_________among employees.
A.distraction正确答案B
B.distrust
C.distinction
D.disposal
(7).How can you______your fur coat and your love of animals?
A.reconcile正确答案A
B.compare
C.comprehend
D.recognize
(8).When I was young and_______I believed it was possible to change the world.
A.realistic正确答案C
B.indulgent
C.idealistic
D.intelligent
(9).If the goods prove________，the customer has the right to compensation.
A.defective正确答案A
B.durable
C.low-priced
D.mass-produced
(10).The government was accused of_________military operations against the regime.
A.efficient正确答案D
B.enough
C.successful
D.covert
(11).Jane saw a mass of bodies________round on the dance floor.
A.running正确答案D
B.shaking
C.jumping
D.whirling
(12).This artificial fabric has the_______of milk.
A.stature正确答案B
B.texture
C.signature
D.mixture
(13).David still suffered the_________of having been rejected for the army.
A.evidence正确答案C
B.experience
C.stigma
D.record
(14).Mary’s father is________whether or not to accept the new job that he’s been offered.
A.meditating正确答案D
B.expecting
C.challenging
D.deliberating
(15).They_______around in the dark, trying to find their way out of the cinema.
A.fumbled正确答案A
B.toured
C.sniffed
D.turned
(16).（1）It’s easy to keep your aging brain as nimble as it was in college. Log on to a website full of brain games or download the right apps, and within 20 minutes you'll be doing your part to sharpen your memory and slow the inexorable decline of your mental functions. At least that’s what the companies behind this booming industry would have you believe. But is it true? （2）Concrete proof about the benefits of brain games is hard to come by, experts say, when it comes to measurably improving aspects of mental fitness, like having a good memory or sound reasoning. “People would really love to believe you could do something like this and make your brain better, make your mind better.，”says Randall W. Engle, a primary investigator at the Attention and Working Memory Lab at the Georgia Institute of Technology. “There’s just no solid evidence.” （3）That’s not to say brain games are without benefit. Experts say these kinds of mental exercises can change your brain-just not in a way that necessarily slows its aging. The brain changes with just about everything you do, including mental training exercises. But numerous studies have shown that brain games lack what researchers call “transfer.” In other words, repeating a game over and over again teaches you how to play the game and get better at it but not necessarily much else. （4）“It’s like, you walk through fresh snow, you leave a trace. If you walk the same route again, the trace gets deeper and deeper," says Ursula Staudinger, director of the Butler Columbia Aging Center at Columbia University. The fact that structural changes occur [in the brain] does not imply that in general this brain has become more capable. It has become more capable of doing exactly the tasks it was practicing.” （5）Brain-game designers, not surprisingly, disagree. Michael Scanlon, chief scientific officer at Lumosity, a large brain-game company, refers to a 2007 study he led as support for his company’s getting into the brain-game business in the first place. “Our basic intention was to release a product that helps people improve cognitive abilities," he says. Scanlon says the research, which Lumosity funded and conducted, found that online-based brain training can improve thinking. The small study of 23 people is one of several studies Lumosity has performed, though most have not been peer-reviewed. （6）As the brain-game industry has grown一revenue topped $1 billion in 2012 and is projected to hit $6 billion by 2020, according to a report from neuroscience market-research firm Sharp Brains-so has the criticism. More than 70 prominent brain scientists and psychologists signed a withering statement on the subject last year. The open letter, organized by the Stanford Center on Longevity and covered by media outlets across the world，argued that claims on behalf of brain games about improved cognition were “frequently exaggerated and at times misleading.” The scientists also laid out criteria that the games would have to meet to convince them of their merit. It’s a tough list. （7）Still, Staudinger allows that brain games do have the benefit of being fun-which may make them a worthwhile way for people of any age to spend time. There’s no question that many consumers have become devoted to them. Lumosity, which offers some games free and a premium membership at a cost, says it reached 50 million members in 2013. （8）The issue most scientists have with people playing the games frequently is the opportunity cost: you could be doing something else that actually would improve your cognitive ability. Most researchers agree that the activity most clearly proven to slow aging in the brain is aerobic exercise. Other factors that sound scientific research has shown to help an aging brain include healthy dietary choices, regular meditation and learning new things. （9） As brain games evolve and new, impartial research conducted, it’s possible that the scientific consensus about their impact on the brain will change. But Engle doesn’t think it’s likely. “I need fairly substantial evidence that it’s not kind of a gimmick，” he says. “I’m a scientist.”What might be the reason for some people to choose brain games?
A.It is easier to obtain the games than ever before.正确答案D
B.The quality of the games is recognized worldwide.
C.The development of the game industry has been successful.
D.They are made to believe the aging prevention effects of the games.
(17).（1）It’s easy to keep your aging brain as nimble as it was in college. Log on to a website full of brain games or download the right apps, and within 20 minutes you'll be doing your part to sharpen your memory and slow the inexorable decline of your mental functions. At least that’s what the companies behind this booming industry would have you believe. But is it true? （2）Concrete proof about the benefits of brain games is hard to come by, experts say, when it comes to measurably improving aspects of mental fitness, like having a good memory or sound reasoning. “People would really love to believe you could do something like this and make your brain better, make your mind better.，”says Randall W. Engle, a primary investigator at the Attention and Working Memory Lab at the Georgia Institute of Technology. “There’s just no solid evidence.” （3）That’s not to say brain games are without benefit. Experts say these kinds of mental exercises can change your brain-just not in a way that necessarily slows its aging. The brain changes with just about everything you do, including mental training exercises. But numerous studies have shown that brain games lack what researchers call “transfer.” In other words, repeating a game over and over again teaches you how to play the game and get better at it but not necessarily much else. （4）“It’s like, you walk through fresh snow, you leave a trace. If you walk the same route again, the trace gets deeper and deeper," says Ursula Staudinger, director of the Butler Columbia Aging Center at Columbia University. The fact that structural changes occur [in the brain] does not imply that in general this brain has become more capable. It has become more capable of doing exactly the tasks it was practicing.” （5）Brain-game designers, not surprisingly, disagree. Michael Scanlon, chief scientific officer at Lumosity, a large brain-game company, refers to a 2007 study he led as support for his company’s getting into the brain-game business in the first place. “Our basic intention was to release a product that helps people improve cognitive abilities," he says. Scanlon says the research, which Lumosity funded and conducted, found that online-based brain training can improve thinking. The small study of 23 people is one of several studies Lumosity has performed, though most have not been peer-reviewed. （6）As the brain-game industry has grown一revenue topped $1 billion in 2012 and is projected to hit $6 billion by 2020, according to a report from neuroscience market-research firm Sharp Brains-so has the criticism. More than 70 prominent brain scientists and psychologists signed a withering statement on the subject last year. The open letter, organized by the Stanford Center on Longevity and covered by media outlets across the world，argued that claims on behalf of brain games about improved cognition were “frequently exaggerated and at times misleading.” The scientists also laid out criteria that the games would have to meet to convince them of their merit. It’s a tough list. （7）Still, Staudinger allows that brain games do have the benefit of being fun-which may make them a worthwhile way for people of any age to spend time. There’s no question that many consumers have become devoted to them. Lumosity, which offers some games free and a premium membership at a cost, says it reached 50 million members in 2013. （8）The issue most scientists have with people playing the games frequently is the opportunity cost: you could be doing something else that actually would improve your cognitive ability. Most researchers agree that the activity most clearly proven to slow aging in the brain is aerobic exercise. Other factors that sound scientific research has shown to help an aging brain include healthy dietary choices, regular meditation and learning new things. （9） As brain games evolve and new, impartial research conducted, it’s possible that the scientific consensus about their impact on the brain will change. But Engle doesn’t think it’s likely. “I need fairly substantial evidence that it’s not kind of a gimmick，” he says. “I’m a scientist.”The word “inexorable” in Paragraph 1 means_________.
A.inevitable正确答案A
B.incidental
C.inconvenient
D.inadequate
(18).（1）It’s easy to keep your aging brain as nimble as it was in college. Log on to a website full of brain games or download the right apps, and within 20 minutes you'll be doing your part to sharpen your memory and slow the inexorable decline of your mental functions. At least that’s what the companies behind this booming industry would have you believe. But is it true? （2）Concrete proof about the benefits of brain games is hard to come by, experts say, when it comes to measurably improving aspects of mental fitness, like having a good memory or sound reasoning. “People would really love to believe you could do something like this and make your brain better, make your mind better.，”says Randall W. Engle, a primary investigator at the Attention and Working Memory Lab at the Georgia Institute of Technology. “There’s just no solid evidence.” （3）That’s not to say brain games are without benefit. Experts say these kinds of mental exercises can change your brain-just not in a way that necessarily slows its aging. The brain changes with just about everything you do, including mental training exercises. But numerous studies have shown that brain games lack what researchers call “transfer.” In other words, repeating a game over and over again teaches you how to play the game and get better at it but not necessarily much else. （4）“It’s like, you walk through fresh snow, you leave a trace. If you walk the same route again, the trace gets deeper and deeper," says Ursula Staudinger, director of the Butler Columbia Aging Center at Columbia University. The fact that structural changes occur [in the brain] does not imply that in general this brain has become more capable. It has become more capable of doing exactly the tasks it was practicing.” （5）Brain-game designers, not surprisingly, disagree. Michael Scanlon, chief scientific officer at Lumosity, a large brain-game company, refers to a 2007 study he led as support for his company’s getting into the brain-game business in the first place. “Our basic intention was to release a product that helps people improve cognitive abilities," he says. Scanlon says the research, which Lumosity funded and conducted, found that online-based brain training can improve thinking. The small study of 23 people is one of several studies Lumosity has performed, though most have not been peer-reviewed. （6）As the brain-game industry has grown一revenue topped $1 billion in 2012 and is projected to hit $6 billion by 2020, according to a report from neuroscience market-research firm Sharp Brains-so has the criticism. More than 70 prominent brain scientists and psychologists signed a withering statement on the subject last year. The open letter, organized by the Stanford Center on Longevity and covered by media outlets across the world，argued that claims on behalf of brain games about improved cognition were “frequently exaggerated and at times misleading.” The scientists also laid out criteria that the games would have to meet to convince them of their merit. It’s a tough list. （7）Still, Staudinger allows that brain games do have the benefit of being fun-which may make them a worthwhile way for people of any age to spend time. There’s no question that many consumers have become devoted to them. Lumosity, which offers some games free and a premium membership at a cost, says it reached 50 million members in 2013. （8）The issue most scientists have with people playing the games frequently is the opportunity cost: you could be doing something else that actually would improve your cognitive ability. Most researchers agree that the activity most clearly proven to slow aging in the brain is aerobic exercise. Other factors that sound scientific research has shown to help an aging brain include healthy dietary choices, regular meditation and learning new things. （9） As brain games evolve and new, impartial research conducted, it’s possible that the scientific consensus about their impact on the brain will change. But Engle doesn’t think it’s likely. “I need fairly substantial evidence that it’s not kind of a gimmick，” he says. “I’m a scientist.”Which of the following is the main idea of Paragraph 2?
A.People are naive about the effects of brain games.正确答案D
B.It is people’s greatest concern to keep fit mentally.
C.People are misled about the power of brain games.
D.It is difficult to prove the positive effects of brain games.
(19).（1）It’s easy to keep your aging brain as nimble as it was in college. Log on to a website full of brain games or download the right apps, and within 20 minutes you'll be doing your part to sharpen your memory and slow the inexorable decline of your mental functions. At least that’s what the companies behind this booming industry would have you believe. But is it true? （2）Concrete proof about the benefits of brain games is hard to come by, experts say, when it comes to measurably improving aspects of mental fitness, like having a good memory or sound reasoning. “People would really love to believe you could do something like this and make your brain better, make your mind better.，”says Randall W. Engle, a primary investigator at the Attention and Working Memory Lab at the Georgia Institute of Technology. “There’s just no solid evidence.” （3）That’s not to say brain games are without benefit. Experts say these kinds of mental exercises can change your brain-just not in a way that necessarily slows its aging. The brain changes with just about everything you do, including mental training exercises. But numerous studies have shown that brain games lack what researchers call “transfer.” In other words, repeating a game over and over again teaches you how to play the game and get better at it but not necessarily much else. （4）“It’s like, you walk through fresh snow, you leave a trace. If you walk the same route again, the trace gets deeper and deeper," says Ursula Staudinger, director of the Butler Columbia Aging Center at Columbia University. The fact that structural changes occur [in the brain] does not imply that in general this brain has become more capable. It has become more capable of doing exactly the tasks it was practicing.” （5）Brain-game designers, not surprisingly, disagree. Michael Scanlon, chief scientific officer at Lumosity, a large brain-game company, refers to a 2007 study he led as support for his company’s getting into the brain-game business in the first place. “Our basic intention was to release a product that helps people improve cognitive abilities," he says. Scanlon says the research, which Lumosity funded and conducted, found that online-based brain training can improve thinking. The small study of 23 people is one of several studies Lumosity has performed, though most have not been peer-reviewed. （6）As the brain-game industry has grown一revenue topped $1 billion in 2012 and is projected to hit $6 billion by 2020, according to a report from neuroscience market-research firm Sharp Brains-so has the criticism. More than 70 prominent brain scientists and psychologists signed a withering statement on the subject last year. The open letter, organized by the Stanford Center on Longevity and covered by media outlets across the world，argued that claims on behalf of brain games about improved cognition were “frequently exaggerated and at times misleading.” The scientists also laid out criteria that the games would have to meet to convince them of their merit. It’s a tough list. （7）Still, Staudinger allows that brain games do have the benefit of being fun-which may make them a worthwhile way for people of any age to spend time. There’s no question that many consumers have become devoted to them. Lumosity, which offers some games free and a premium membership at a cost, says it reached 50 million members in 2013. （8）The issue most scientists have with people playing the games frequently is the opportunity cost: you could be doing something else that actually would improve your cognitive ability. Most researchers agree that the activity most clearly proven to slow aging in the brain is aerobic exercise. Other factors that sound scientific research has shown to help an aging brain include healthy dietary choices, regular meditation and learning new things. （9） As brain games evolve and new, impartial research conducted, it’s possible that the scientific consensus about their impact on the brain will change. But Engle doesn’t think it’s likely. “I need fairly substantial evidence that it’s not kind of a gimmick，” he says. “I’m a scientist.”We can learn from Paragraph 3 that______.
A.brain games do not function well in mental training正确答案C
B.it is unreasonable to ignore the benefits of brain games
C.the benefits of brain games might not be the same as believed
D.more authoritative studies on brain games will be conducted
(20).（1）It’s easy to keep your aging brain as nimble as it was in college. Log on to a website full of brain games or download the right apps, and within 20 minutes you'll be doing your part to sharpen your memory and slow the inexorable decline of your mental functions. At least that’s what the companies behind this booming industry would have you believe. But is it true? （2）Concrete proof about the benefits of brain games is hard to come by, experts say, when it comes to measurably improving aspects of mental fitness, like having a good memory or sound reasoning. “People would really love to believe you could do something like this and make your brain better, make your mind better.，”says Randall W. Engle, a primary investigator at the Attention and Working Memory Lab at the Georgia Institute of Technology. “There’s just no solid evidence.” （3）That’s not to say brain games are without benefit. Experts say these kinds of mental exercises can change your brain-just not in a way that necessarily slows its aging. The brain changes with just about everything you do, including mental training exercises. But numerous studies have shown that brain games lack what researchers call “transfer.” In other words, repeating a game over and over again teaches you how to play the game and get better at it but not necessarily much else. （4）“It’s like, you walk through fresh snow, you leave a trace. If you walk the same route again, the trace gets deeper and deeper," says Ursula Staudinger, director of the Butler Columbia Aging Center at Columbia University. The fact that structural changes occur [in the brain] does not imply that in general this brain has become more capable. It has become more capable of doing exactly the tasks it was practicing.” （5）Brain-game designers, not surprisingly, disagree. Michael Scanlon, chief scientific officer at Lumosity, a large brain-game company, refers to a 2007 study he led as support for his company’s getting into the brain-game business in the first place. “Our basic intention was to release a product that helps people improve cognitive abilities," he says. Scanlon says the research, which Lumosity funded and conducted, found that online-based brain training can improve thinking. The small study of 23 people is one of several studies Lumosity has performed, though most have not been peer-reviewed. （6）As the brain-game industry has grown一revenue topped $1 billion in 2012 and is projected to hit $6 billion by 2020, according to a report from neuroscience market-research firm Sharp Brains-so has the criticism. More than 70 prominent brain scientists and psychologists signed a withering statement on the subject last year. The open letter, organized by the Stanford Center on Longevity and covered by media outlets across the world，argued that claims on behalf of brain games about improved cognition were “frequently exaggerated and at times misleading.” The scientists also laid out criteria that the games would have to meet to convince them of their merit. It’s a tough list. （7）Still, Staudinger allows that brain games do have the benefit of being fun-which may make them a worthwhile way for people of any age to spend time. There’s no question that many consumers have become devoted to them. Lumosity, which offers some games free and a premium membership at a cost, says it reached 50 million members in 2013. （8）The issue most scientists have with people playing the games frequently is the opportunity cost: you could be doing something else that actually would improve your cognitive ability. Most researchers agree that the activity most clearly proven to slow aging in the brain is aerobic exercise. Other factors that sound scientific research has shown to help an aging brain include healthy dietary choices, regular meditation and learning new things. （9） As brain games evolve and new, impartial research conducted, it’s possible that the scientific consensus about their impact on the brain will change. But Engle doesn’t think it’s likely. “I need fairly substantial evidence that it’s not kind of a gimmick，” he says. “I’m a scientist.”The word “exaggerated” in Paragraph 6 means________.
A.evaluated constantly and positively正确答案B
B.made to seem better than it really is
C.advertised continuously to make profits
D.falsely described in order to deceive people
(21).（1）It’s easy to keep your aging brain as nimble as it was in college. Log on to a website full of brain games or download the right apps, and within 20 minutes you'll be doing your part to sharpen your memory and slow the inexorable decline of your mental functions. At least that’s what the companies behind this booming industry would have you believe. But is it true? （2）Concrete proof about the benefits of brain games is hard to come by, experts say, when it comes to measurably improving aspects of mental fitness, like having a good memory or sound reasoning. “People would really love to believe you could do something like this and make your brain better, make your mind better.，”says Randall W. Engle, a primary investigator at the Attention and Working Memory Lab at the Georgia Institute of Technology. “There’s just no solid evidence.” （3）That’s not to say brain games are without benefit. Experts say these kinds of mental exercises can change your brain-just not in a way that necessarily slows its aging. The brain changes with just about everything you do, including mental training exercises. But numerous studies have shown that brain games lack what researchers call “transfer.” In other words, repeating a game over and over again teaches you how to play the game and get better at it but not necessarily much else. （4）“It’s like, you walk through fresh snow, you leave a trace. If you walk the same route again, the trace gets deeper and deeper," says Ursula Staudinger, director of the Butler Columbia Aging Center at Columbia University. The fact that structural changes occur [in the brain] does not imply that in general this brain has become more capable. It has become more capable of doing exactly the tasks it was practicing.” （5）Brain-game designers, not surprisingly, disagree. Michael Scanlon, chief scientific officer at Lumosity, a large brain-game company, refers to a 2007 study he led as support for his company’s getting into the brain-game business in the first place. “Our basic intention was to release a product that helps people improve cognitive abilities," he says. Scanlon says the research, which Lumosity funded and conducted, found that online-based brain training can improve thinking. The small study of 23 people is one of several studies Lumosity has performed, though most have not been peer-reviewed. （6）As the brain-game industry has grown一revenue topped $1 billion in 2012 and is projected to hit $6 billion by 2020, according to a report from neuroscience market-research firm Sharp Brains-so has the criticism. More than 70 prominent brain scientists and psychologists signed a withering statement on the subject last year. The open letter, organized by the Stanford Center on Longevity and covered by media outlets across the world，argued that claims on behalf of brain games about improved cognition were “frequently exaggerated and at times misleading.” The scientists also laid out criteria that the games would have to meet to convince them of their merit. It’s a tough list. （7）Still, Staudinger allows that brain games do have the benefit of being fun-which may make them a worthwhile way for people of any age to spend time. There’s no question that many consumers have become devoted to them. Lumosity, which offers some games free and a premium membership at a cost, says it reached 50 million members in 2013. （8）The issue most scientists have with people playing the games frequently is the opportunity cost: you could be doing something else that actually would improve your cognitive ability. Most researchers agree that the activity most clearly proven to slow aging in the brain is aerobic exercise. Other factors that sound scientific research has shown to help an aging brain include healthy dietary choices, regular meditation and learning new things. （9） As brain games evolve and new, impartial research conducted, it’s possible that the scientific consensus about their impact on the brain will change. But Engle doesn’t think it’s likely. “I need fairly substantial evidence that it’s not kind of a gimmick，” he says. “I’m a scientist.”From Staudinger ’s point of view in Paragraph 7, brain games are________.
A.entertaining正确答案A
B.encouraging
C.challenging
D.exciting
(22).（1）It’s easy to keep your aging brain as nimble as it was in college. Log on to a website full of brain games or download the right apps, and within 20 minutes you'll be doing your part to sharpen your memory and slow the inexorable decline of your mental functions. At least that’s what the companies behind this booming industry would have you believe. But is it true? （2）Concrete proof about the benefits of brain games is hard to come by, experts say, when it comes to measurably improving aspects of mental fitness, like having a good memory or sound reasoning. “People would really love to believe you could do something like this and make your brain better, make your mind better.，”says Randall W. Engle, a primary investigator at the Attention and Working Memory Lab at the Georgia Institute of Technology. “There’s just no solid evidence.” （3）That’s not to say brain games are without benefit. Experts say these kinds of mental exercises can change your brain-just not in a way that necessarily slows its aging. The brain changes with just about everything you do, including mental training exercises. But numerous studies have shown that brain games lack what researchers call “transfer.” In other words, repeating a game over and over again teaches you how to play the game and get better at it but not necessarily much else. （4）“It’s like, you walk through fresh snow, you leave a trace. If you walk the same route again, the trace gets deeper and deeper," says Ursula Staudinger, director of the Butler Columbia Aging Center at Columbia University. The fact that structural changes occur [in the brain] does not imply that in general this brain has become more capable. It has become more capable of doing exactly the tasks it was practicing.” （5）Brain-game designers, not surprisingly, disagree. Michael Scanlon, chief scientific officer at Lumosity, a large brain-game company, refers to a 2007 study he led as support for his company’s getting into the brain-game business in the first place. “Our basic intention was to release a product that helps people improve cognitive abilities," he says. Scanlon says the research, which Lumosity funded and conducted, found that online-based brain training can improve thinking. The small study of 23 people is one of several studies Lumosity has performed, though most have not been peer-reviewed. （6）As the brain-game industry has grown一revenue topped $1 billion in 2012 and is projected to hit $6 billion by 2020, according to a report from neuroscience market-research firm Sharp Brains-so has the criticism. More than 70 prominent brain scientists and psychologists signed a withering statement on the subject last year. The open letter, organized by the Stanford Center on Longevity and covered by media outlets across the world，argued that claims on behalf of brain games about improved cognition were “frequently exaggerated and at times misleading.” The scientists also laid out criteria that the games would have to meet to convince them of their merit. It’s a tough list. （7）Still, Staudinger allows that brain games do have the benefit of being fun-which may make them a worthwhile way for people of any age to spend time. There’s no question that many consumers have become devoted to them. Lumosity, which offers some games free and a premium membership at a cost, says it reached 50 million members in 2013. （8）The issue most scientists have with people playing the games frequently is the opportunity cost: you could be doing something else that actually would improve your cognitive ability. Most researchers agree that the activity most clearly proven to slow aging in the brain is aerobic exercise. Other factors that sound scientific research has shown to help an aging brain include healthy dietary choices, regular meditation and learning new things. （9） As brain games evolve and new, impartial research conducted, it’s possible that the scientific consensus about their impact on the brain will change. But Engle doesn’t think it’s likely. “I need fairly substantial evidence that it’s not kind of a gimmick，” he says. “I’m a scientist.”To improve one’s cognitive ability, scientists suggest in Paragraph 8 that___________ .
A.the ways frequently chosen are the best正确答案D
B.new ways should be found quickly
C.any way is good as far as it is safe
D.various ways should be tried
(23).（1）It’s easy to keep your aging brain as nimble as it was in college. Log on to a website full of brain games or download the right apps, and within 20 minutes you'll be doing your part to sharpen your memory and slow the inexorable decline of your mental functions. At least that’s what the companies behind this booming industry would have you believe. But is it true? （2）Concrete proof about the benefits of brain games is hard to come by, experts say, when it comes to measurably improving aspects of mental fitness, like having a good memory or sound reasoning. “People would really love to believe you could do something like this and make your brain better, make your mind better.，”says Randall W. Engle, a primary investigator at the Attention and Working Memory Lab at the Georgia Institute of Technology. “There’s just no solid evidence.” （3）That’s not to say brain games are without benefit. Experts say these kinds of mental exercises can change your brain-just not in a way that necessarily slows its aging. The brain changes with just about everything you do, including mental training exercises. But numerous studies have shown that brain games lack what researchers call “transfer.” In other words, repeating a game over and over again teaches you how to play the game and get better at it but not necessarily much else. （4）“It’s like, you walk through fresh snow, you leave a trace. If you walk the same route again, the trace gets deeper and deeper," says Ursula Staudinger, director of the Butler Columbia Aging Center at Columbia University. The fact that structural changes occur [in the brain] does not imply that in general this brain has become more capable. It has become more capable of doing exactly the tasks it was practicing.” （5）Brain-game designers, not surprisingly, disagree. Michael Scanlon, chief scientific officer at Lumosity, a large brain-game company, refers to a 2007 study he led as support for his company’s getting into the brain-game business in the first place. “Our basic intention was to release a product that helps people improve cognitive abilities," he says. Scanlon says the research, which Lumosity funded and conducted, found that online-based brain training can improve thinking. The small study of 23 people is one of several studies Lumosity has performed, though most have not been peer-reviewed. （6）As the brain-game industry has grown一revenue topped $1 billion in 2012 and is projected to hit $6 billion by 2020, according to a report from neuroscience market-research firm Sharp Brains-so has the criticism. More than 70 prominent brain scientists and psychologists signed a withering statement on the subject last year. The open letter, organized by the Stanford Center on Longevity and covered by media outlets across the world，argued that claims on behalf of brain games about improved cognition were “frequently exaggerated and at times misleading.” The scientists also laid out criteria that the games would have to meet to convince them of their merit. It’s a tough list. （7）Still, Staudinger allows that brain games do have the benefit of being fun-which may make them a worthwhile way for people of any age to spend time. There’s no question that many consumers have become devoted to them. Lumosity, which offers some games free and a premium membership at a cost, says it reached 50 million members in 2013. （8）The issue most scientists have with people playing the games frequently is the opportunity cost: you could be doing something else that actually would improve your cognitive ability. Most researchers agree that the activity most clearly proven to slow aging in the brain is aerobic exercise. Other factors that sound scientific research has shown to help an aging brain include healthy dietary choices, regular meditation and learning new things. （9） As brain games evolve and new, impartial research conducted, it’s possible that the scientific consensus about their impact on the brain will change. But Engle doesn’t think it’s likely. “I need fairly substantial evidence that it’s not kind of a gimmick，” he says. “I’m a scientist.”The word “consensus” in Paragraph 9 means__________.
A.a widely criticized conclusion正确答案B
B.a generally accepted opinion
C.a remarkable discovery
D.a satisfactory result
(24).（1）It’s easy to keep your aging brain as nimble as it was in college. Log on to a website full of brain games or download the right apps, and within 20 minutes you'll be doing your part to sharpen your memory and slow the inexorable decline of your mental functions. At least that’s what the companies behind this booming industry would have you believe. But is it true? （2）Concrete proof about the benefits of brain games is hard to come by, experts say, when it comes to measurably improving aspects of mental fitness, like having a good memory or sound reasoning. “People would really love to believe you could do something like this and make your brain better, make your mind better.，”says Randall W. Engle, a primary investigator at the Attention and Working Memory Lab at the Georgia Institute of Technology. “There’s just no solid evidence.” （3）That’s not to say brain games are without benefit. Experts say these kinds of mental exercises can change your brain-just not in a way that necessarily slows its aging. The brain changes with just about everything you do, including mental training exercises. But numerous studies have shown that brain games lack what researchers call “transfer.” In other words, repeating a game over and over again teaches you how to play the game and get better at it but not necessarily much else. （4）“It’s like, you walk through fresh snow, you leave a trace. If you walk the same route again, the trace gets deeper and deeper," says Ursula Staudinger, director of the Butler Columbia Aging Center at Columbia University. The fact that structural changes occur [in the brain] does not imply that in general this brain has become more capable. It has become more capable of doing exactly the tasks it was practicing.” （5）Brain-game designers, not surprisingly, disagree. Michael Scanlon, chief scientific officer at Lumosity, a large brain-game company, refers to a 2007 study he led as support for his company’s getting into the brain-game business in the first place. “Our basic intention was to release a product that helps people improve cognitive abilities," he says. Scanlon says the research, which Lumosity funded and conducted, found that online-based brain training can improve thinking. The small study of 23 people is one of several studies Lumosity has performed, though most have not been peer-reviewed. （6）As the brain-game industry has grown一revenue topped $1 billion in 2012 and is projected to hit $6 billion by 2020, according to a report from neuroscience market-research firm Sharp Brains-so has the criticism. More than 70 prominent brain scientists and psychologists signed a withering statement on the subject last year. The open letter, organized by the Stanford Center on Longevity and covered by media outlets across the world，argued that claims on behalf of brain games about improved cognition were “frequently exaggerated and at times misleading.” The scientists also laid out criteria that the games would have to meet to convince them of their merit. It’s a tough list. （7）Still, Staudinger allows that brain games do have the benefit of being fun-which may make them a worthwhile way for people of any age to spend time. There’s no question that many consumers have become devoted to them. Lumosity, which offers some games free and a premium membership at a cost, says it reached 50 million members in 2013. （8）The issue most scientists have with people playing the games frequently is the opportunity cost: you could be doing something else that actually would improve your cognitive ability. Most researchers agree that the activity most clearly proven to slow aging in the brain is aerobic exercise. Other factors that sound scientific research has shown to help an aging brain include healthy dietary choices, regular meditation and learning new things. （9） As brain games evolve and new, impartial research conducted, it’s possible that the scientific consensus about their impact on the brain will change. But Engle doesn’t think it’s likely. “I need fairly substantial evidence that it’s not kind of a gimmick，” he says. “I’m a scientist.”It can be inferred from the last paragraph that a scientist______
A.must remain impartial all the time正确答案C
B.ought to be selfless in the world today
C.can be convinced by nothing but evidence
D.should be open-minded about new things
(25).（1）It’s easy to keep your aging brain as nimble as it was in college. Log on to a website full of brain games or download the right apps, and within 20 minutes you'll be doing your part to sharpen your memory and slow the inexorable decline of your mental functions. At least that’s what the companies behind this booming industry would have you believe. But is it true? （2）Concrete proof about the benefits of brain games is hard to come by, experts say, when it comes to measurably improving aspects of mental fitness, like having a good memory or sound reasoning. “People would really love to believe you could do something like this and make your brain better, make your mind better.，”says Randall W. Engle, a primary investigator at the Attention and Working Memory Lab at the Georgia Institute of Technology. “There’s just no solid evidence.” （3）That’s not to say brain games are without benefit. Experts say these kinds of mental exercises can change your brain-just not in a way that necessarily slows its aging. The brain changes with just about everything you do, including mental training exercises. But numerous studies have shown that brain games lack what researchers call “transfer.” In other words, repeating a game over and over again teaches you how to play the game and get better at it but not necessarily much else. （4）“It’s like, you walk through fresh snow, you leave a trace. If you walk the same route again, the trace gets deeper and deeper," says Ursula Staudinger, director of the Butler Columbia Aging Center at Columbia University. The fact that structural changes occur [in the brain] does not imply that in general this brain has become more capable. It has become more capable of doing exactly the tasks it was practicing.” （5）Brain-game designers, not surprisingly, disagree. Michael Scanlon, chief scientific officer at Lumosity, a large brain-game company, refers to a 2007 study he led as support for his company’s getting into the brain-game business in the first place. “Our basic intention was to release a product that helps people improve cognitive abilities," he says. Scanlon says the research, which Lumosity funded and conducted, found that online-based brain training can improve thinking. The small study of 23 people is one of several studies Lumosity has performed, though most have not been peer-reviewed. （6）As the brain-game industry has grown一revenue topped $1 billion in 2012 and is projected to hit $6 billion by 2020, according to a report from neuroscience market-research firm Sharp Brains-so has the criticism. More than 70 prominent brain scientists and psychologists signed a withering statement on the subject last year. The open letter, organized by the Stanford Center on Longevity and covered by media outlets across the world，argued that claims on behalf of brain games about improved cognition were “frequently exaggerated and at times misleading.” The scientists also laid out criteria that the games would have to meet to convince them of their merit. It’s a tough list. （7）Still, Staudinger allows that brain games do have the benefit of being fun-which may make them a worthwhile way for people of any age to spend time. There’s no question that many consumers have become devoted to them. Lumosity, which offers some games free and a premium membership at a cost, says it reached 50 million members in 2013. （8）The issue most scientists have with people playing the games frequently is the opportunity cost: you could be doing something else that actually would improve your cognitive ability. Most researchers agree that the activity most clearly proven to slow aging in the brain is aerobic exercise. Other factors that sound scientific research has shown to help an aging brain include healthy dietary choices, regular meditation and learning new things. （9） As brain games evolve and new, impartial research conducted, it’s possible that the scientific consensus about their impact on the brain will change. But Engle doesn’t think it’s likely. “I need fairly substantial evidence that it’s not kind of a gimmick，” he says. “I’m a scientist.”Which of the following might be the best title of this passage?
A.Brain Aging Can Be Avoided Now.正确答案D
B.How to Deal with the Aging Brain?
C.Brain Games-Brain Aging Killers.
D.Can Brain Games Keep My Mind Young?
(26).In other words, repeating a game over and over again teaches you how to play the game and get better at it but not necessarily much else.
【参考译文】换句话说，反复玩一个游戏教会你如何玩游戏以及如何玩得更好，但并非一定有其他多大好处。
(27).The fact that structural changes occur [in the brain] does not imply that in general this brain has become more capable. It has become more capable of doing exactly the tasks it was practicing.
【参考译文】大脑发生结构性变化这一事实并不意味着大脑总体上变得能力更强。它只是变得更有能力做过去一直在执行的任务。
(28).“Our basic intention was to release a product that helps people improve cognitive abilities，”he says.
【参考译文】他说：“我们的初衷是要推出一款产品，来帮助人们提高认知能力。”
(29).The scientists also laid out criteria that the games would have to meet to convince them of their merit. It’s a tough list.
【参考译文】科学家们也制定了游戏必须要达到的使他们信服其优点的标准。这些标准很严格。
(30).Most researchers agree that the activity most clearly proven to slow aging in the brain is aerobic exercise.
【参考译文】大多数研究者认为，得到最确切证明能缓解大脑衰老的活动是有氧运动。
(31).What can we benefit from brain games?
【参考答案】First, even though there’s no concrete evidence that brain games can improve mental ability, repeating a task over and over again can incur structural changes of the brain, thus, people will become more capable of doing the task that they are practicing. Second, brain games can be quite entertaining and never fail to offer people of any age an interesting way to spend time. Third, as brain games develop, they may have a positive impact on the human brain in the future.
(32).
Not a move. Even her expression hadn’t changed. Her breaths, however, were coming faster and faster. Then the 32 began. I had to do it. I had to have a 33 culture for her own protection. But first I told the 34 that it was entirely up to them. I 35 the danger but said that I would not insist on a throat 36 so long as they would take the responsibility, Only two people shared her “special seat“: a fine old man in a velvet coat, his hands clasped over a huge carved walking-stick, and a big old woman, sitting upright, with a 37 of knitting on her embroidered apron. They did not speak. This was 38 , for Miss Brill always looked 39 to the conversation. She had become really quite 40 , she thought, at listening as though she didn’t 41 , at sitting in other people’s lives just for a minute while they talked round her. Accordingly, I was considered one of the 42 ones. My scholarship to college was a ticket. People did not expect me to 43 . Understanding this, I can understand the 44 in the minds of those in Watts when I was home last summer, working in the 45 poverty program. Rumors spread quickly that I was a FBI 46 . I was suspect because I was not supposed to return. When white men first effect contact with some unspoilt race of savages, they offer them 47 kinds of benefits, from the light of the Gospel to 48 pies. These, however, much as we may regret it, most savages 49 with indifference. What they really value among the gifts that we bring to them is intoxicating liquor, which enables them ,for the first 50 in their lives, to have the illusion, for a few brief moments, that it is better to be 51 than dead. At the flower market she walked up and down in front of the stalls, and saw more clearly because of her decision, so she thought. She looked at the flowers. She looked at the people. There was a 52 at the farthest stand. The woman's face was 53 . But her hands were beautiful. She was 54 a baby. Marian wanted 55 grand flowers, only the soft and touchable. She bought a big wheel of 56 carnations, and some little gentle-petalled primroses with shiny clark green leaves. 
【参考答案】32.X.battle的意思是“战斗”。本文用战斗来形容医生为小女孩检查嗓子时小女孩挣扎反抗的情形。该句的意思是“还是没反应。甚至连表情也没有。然而她的呼吸越来越急促了。接着一场战斗开始了。”33.R.throat的意思是“嗓子，喉咙”。该句的意思是“为保险起见，我必须给她的喉咙做个细菌培养。”34.S.parents意思是“父母”，该句的意思是“但是我得先告诉她父母这完全由他们决定。”35.F.explained表示“解释”。这里是指在检查之前，“我”先解释了风险所在。36.V.examination的意思是“检查”。原文的意思是“但我又说，只要他们愿意承担风险，我不会坚持要做喉咙检查的”。37.Y.roll这里的意思是“一团”。原句是指“另一个大块头的老妇人，笔直地坐着，一卷针织物放在她的绣花围裙上。”38.G.disappointing表示“令人失望的”。这里的意思是“他们没有说话。这是令人失望的，因为布里尔小姐总是期待着谈话。”39.E.forward。这里look forward to的意思是“期待”。40.T.expert，其本意是“专家”，这里是指“非常擅长做某事”。41.Q.listen“听”。原句是指“她认为她非常专心在听，但她根本没有听进去。”42.A.lucky的意思是“幸运地”。原文中的“我”是一名黑人，能上大学实属幸运。所以原句的意思是“因此，我被看作是幸运儿”。43.O.return。表示“回来”。原句的意思是“我上大学靠的是奖学金，人们并不指望我会回来”。44.U.puzzlement“困惑”。这里的意思是“了解了这一点，我就能明白去年夏天我回到瓦茨，在当地扶贫活动中工作时，瓦茨人心中的困惑了”。45.P.local意思是“当地的”。这里的“local poverty program”意思是“瓦茨当地的扶贫工作”。46.H.agent,这里表示“特工”。这里的“FBI agent”指的是“联邦调查局特工”。47.L.all意思是“所有的”。本文选自罗素的《论人性和政治》。原句的意思是“当白人开始与某个未受破坏的野蛮民族接触时，他们会主动给野人各种好处。”48.D.pumpkin意思是“南瓜”。原句的意思是“从送基督教福音书到送南瓜馅饼,他们都会主动送给野人”。49.B.receive意思是“接受”。文中原句是指“虽然我们可能表示遗憾，然而许多野人却冷冷地接受这一切”。50．J.time文中的“for the first time”是指“第一次”的意思。51.I.alive意思是“活着”。文中原句的意思是“在我们带去的这些礼物中野人真正看重的是那令人陶醉的酒,酒使他们有生以来第一次产生了片刻的幻觉,觉得活着比死了强。”52.K.family意思是“一家人”。原文的意思是“在最远处的花亭有一家人”。53.C.sad意思是“悲伤，由于”。文中是指“女人的脸上很忧郁”。54.M.nursing意思是“照料，喂”。原文 “nurse a baby”是指“在给孩子喂奶”。55.N.no表示否定。原文是指“玛丽安不想买华丽的花，只想要色泽柔和可以触摸的花。”56.W. red意思是“红色的”。原文的意思是“她买了一个红色康乃馨的大花环”。
(33).很简单 ，电视节目的制作要迎合观众的注意力跨度短这一特点 。
【参考译文】Quite simply, television programs are designed to cater to audience’s short attention span.
(34).他迈着小而急促的步子从每个人身边走过 ，把那张纸条给每个人看 ，就像拍卖会上的一名服务员 。
【参考译文】He took little rapid steps from one man to another, showing each man the bit of paper as if he were an attendant at an auction.
(35).我得承认 ，我总是对那些自吹一上床就能睡着的人感到怀疑 。
【参考译文】I must confess that I always suspect the men who boast that they unvaryingly fall asleep as soon as they get into bed.
(36).我无法确切地说出我的哪些动机最强烈 ，但我知道哪些值得遵从 。
【参考译文】I cannot say with certainty which of my motives are the strongest, but I know which of them deserve to be followed.
(37).美国人发现，在他们以及亲友被抛入老年行列之前，很难想象年老是什么样子。衰老是人类生命周期中无人照看的非亲生儿 。
【参考译文】Americans find it difficult to think about old age until they are propelled into the midst of it by their own aging and that of relatives and friends. Aging is the neglected stepchild of the human life cycle.
(38).我并不是说美国人要袖手旁观，等待一个充满怀疑与绝望的短暂阶段自行消失。在此时此地生活着的美国人有权利获得生活质量的提高，而他们自己也必须为此付出努力。男女老少晚上不敢上街，他们有时害怕警察就像害怕罪犯，这二者有时看来就像他们彼此在镜中的影像，这些都不正常。
【参考译文】I am not suggesting that American sit back and wait for a transient period of distrust and despair to resolve itself. Americans who are living here now have a right to make the quality of their lives improved, and they themselves must also make the effort. It is quite abnormal that people of all ages and both sexes dare not go into the streets at night, and they fear the police as much as the criminals, both of whom sometimes look like mirror images of each other.”
此题目数据由翰林刷题小程序免费提供