【成人自考】【英语经贸知识】【00834】高频考点(8)
(1).为了防止贸易战的威胁，促进国际贸易的发展，世界主要贸易国纷纷派出代表参加旨在建立国际贸易组织的哈瓦那会议。
To guard against the threat of trade wars,major trading nations sent their representatives to Havana in 1947 to create an International Trade Organization for the promotion of international trade.
(2).普惠制意在帮助发展中国家发展其经济。
The Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) is meant to assist developing countries in their economic development efforts.
(3).China committed itself for entry into the WTO not to provide any export subsidy for its agricultural produce, and ultimately lower its import tariff for farm produce to about 15%.
为了加入世贸组织，中国承诺不再对农产品进行任何形式的出口补贴，并最终将农产品进口税降至15%。
(4).the World Trade Organization
世界贸易组织
(5).countervailing measures
反补贴措施
(6).关税及贸易总协定
the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
(7).负面待遇
the negative effects
(8).VAT
Value Added Tax
(9).高水平的投资者保障是由健全的投诉程序、纪律及实施安排和赔偿基金来保证的。ISE的成员资格必须通过严格的程序才能获得。成员公司接触公众的雇员（称作注册代表）都必须具备一定的资格，通常通过交易所组织的考试才能获得这种资格。
High standards of investor protection are provided by a well-established complaints procedure, discipline and enforcement arrangements as well as a compensation fund. International Stock Exchange member firms undergo rigorous admission procedures, and their employees who deal with the public (called Registered Representatives) are required to have certain qualifications, usually obtained by taking examinations set by the Exchange.
(10).很大一部分政府支出是通过所得税、增值税、公司收入税和其他税收来筹集的。然而，通常还会发生亏空，为了平衡账目只能通过借贷来解决。为了满足公共部门借贷需求，政府可以采取的一个办法就是发行金边债券。金边债券发行量很大，主要由机构投资者买卖。
A large proportion of the government spending is raised through income tax，VAT，corporation tax and other taxes. However, a shortfall usually remains，which has to be met by borrowing, in order to balance the books. One of the ways the government meets the Public Sector Borrowing Requirement is by selling gilt-edged stocks. Gilts are bought and sold in huge quantities, mainly by institutional investors.
(11).The International Stock Exchange is the central market place for over 7000 securities. This central market place covers not only government stocks (called gilts) and company securities (called equities and fixed interest stocks); it is also the market place for a number of other investment instruments.
国际证券交易所为7000多种证券的交易提供了中央市场，这一中央市场不仅包括政府债券（金边债券）和公司有价证券（称为普通股和定息股）；同时也提供了很多其他的投资工具，如普通股期权交易和指数期权交易。
(12).in some form or other
以某种形式
(13).primary capital raising
对新发行的有价证券的筹措活动
(14).二级资本市场
secondary capital market
(15).挂牌证券交易市场
listed market
(16).foreign direct investment
Foreign direct investment is the major form of international investment, whereby residents of one country acquire assets in a foreign country for the purpose of controlling and managing them.
(17).The strategic alliance also enables the partners to share risks in business and helps them to gain knowledge and expertise from each
other.
这种战略联合还使合伙人共同承担商业风险，互相学习知识技术。
(18).As a separate legal entity，the joint venture has a formal organizationalstructure, making this form of alliance more stable and broader
in business scope.
作为一个独立的法人实体，合资企业有正式的组织机构，使这种方式的联合更稳固、经营范围更广。
(19).Transportation cost which may be very significant for some products such as beverages will also encourage an enterprise to engage in production in the foreign market through FDI to save the fees for long distance transportation.
有些商品如饮料的运输费用很高，这也促使企业通过对外直接投资直接在国外市场上生产，节省长途运输费用。
(20).a joint venture
合资企业
(21).labor relation
劳资关系
(22).营业范围
business scope
(23).法人实体
legal entity
(24).What are the most important international financial organizations?
The most important international financial organizations are the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund both of which were created by the Bretton Woods Conference.
(25).the World Bank
The official name of the World Bank is the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD). The Bank and its three affiliates, the International Development Association (IDA), the International Finance Corporation (IFC), and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), are sometimes referred to as the World Bank Group.
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