【成人自考】【英语阅读（二）】【Unit 1-Health】课本练习题
(1).
Passage One Computers should be in the schools. Theyhave the potential to accomplish great things. With the right software, theycould help make science tangible or teach neglected topics like art and music.They could help students form a concrete idea of society by displaying onscreena version of the city in which they live—a picture that tracks real life moment by moment. In practice，however, computers make our worsteducational nightmares come true. While we bemoan the decline of literacy,computers discount words in favor of pictures and pictures in favor of video.While we fret about the decreasing cogency of public debate, computers dismisslinear argument and promote fast, shallow romps across the informationlandscape. While we worry about basic skills, we allow into the classroomsoftware that will do a student’s arithmetic or correcthis spelling. Take multimedia. The idea of multimediais to combine text, sound and pictures in a single package that you browse onscreen. You don’t just read Shakespeare； you watch actorsperforming,listen to songs, view Elizabethan buildings. What’s wrong with that? By offering children candy-coated books,multimedia is guaranteed to sour them on unsweetened reading. It makes theprinted page look even more boring than it used to look. Sure，books will be available in the classroom,too—but they’ll have all the appeal of a dustypiano to a teen who has a Walkman handy. So what if the little nippers don’t read? If they’re watching Olivier instead，what do theylose? The text, the written word along with all of its attendant pleasures.Besides，a book is more portable than a computer, has ahigher-resolution display, can be written on and dogeared and is comparativelydirt cheap. Hypermedia，multimedia’s comrade in the struggle for a brave new classroom, is just astroubling. It’s a way of presenting documents on screenwithout imposing a linear start-to- finish order. Disembodied paragraphs arelinked by theme； after reading one about the FirstWorld War, for example, you might be able to choose another about thetechnology of battleships, or the life of Woodrow Wilson, or hemlines in the20s. This is another cute idea that is good in minor ways and terrible in majorones. Teaching children to understand the orderly unfolding of a plot or alogical argument is a crucial part of education. Authors don’t merely agglomerate paragraphs； they workhard to make the narrative read a certain way, prove a particular point. Toturn a book or a document into hypertext is to invite readers to ignore exactlywhat counts—the story.
Which of the following is not an accusation of the use of computers in teaching children by the author?()
A.It is getting worse and worse illiteracy.正确答案D
B.It does not help cultivating student’s ability to develop linear argument.
C.It prevents students from developing their basic skills.
D.It teaches bad arithmetic and spelling.
(2).
Passage One Computers should be in the schools. Theyhave the potential to accomplish great things. With the right software, theycould help make science tangible or teach neglected topics like art and music.They could help students form a concrete idea of society by displaying onscreena version of the city in which they live—a picture that tracks real life moment by moment. In practice，however, computers make our worsteducational nightmares come true. While we bemoan the decline of literacy,computers discount words in favor of pictures and pictures in favor of video.While we fret about the decreasing cogency of public debate, computers dismisslinear argument and promote fast, shallow romps across the informationlandscape. While we worry about basic skills, we allow into the classroomsoftware that will do a student’s arithmetic or correcthis spelling. Take multimedia. The idea of multimediais to combine text, sound and pictures in a single package that you browse onscreen. You don’t just read Shakespeare； you watch actorsperforming,listen to songs, view Elizabethan buildings. What’s wrong with that? By offering children candy-coated books,multimedia is guaranteed to sour them on unsweetened reading. It makes theprinted page look even more boring than it used to look. Sure，books will be available in the classroom,too—but they’ll have all the appeal of a dustypiano to a teen who has a Walkman handy. So what if the little nippers don’t read? If they’re watching Olivier instead，what do theylose? The text, the written word along with all of its attendant pleasures.Besides，a book is more portable than a computer, has ahigher-resolution display, can be written on and dogeared and is comparativelydirt cheap. Hypermedia，multimedia’s comrade in the struggle for a brave new classroom, is just astroubling. It’s a way of presenting documents on screenwithout imposing a linear start-to- finish order. Disembodied paragraphs arelinked by theme； after reading one about the FirstWorld War, for example, you might be able to choose another about thetechnology of battleships, or the life of Woodrow Wilson, or hemlines in the20s. This is another cute idea that is good in minor ways and terrible in majorones. Teaching children to understand the orderly unfolding of a plot or alogical argument is a crucial part of education. Authors don’t merely agglomerate paragraphs； they workhard to make the narrative read a certain way, prove a particular point. Toturn a book or a document into hypertext is to invite readers to ignore exactlywhat counts—the story.
Which of the following is the idea of multimedia according to the passage?()
A.To exclude boring reading text and make learning process more enjoyable.正确答案B
B.To combine text, sound and pictures in one package.
C.To combine Shakespeare, actor’s performing, songs and theatre together.
D.To offer children candy-coated books.
(3).
Passage One Computers should be in the schools. Theyhave the potential to accomplish great things. With the right software, theycould help make science tangible or teach neglected topics like art and music.They could help students form a concrete idea of society by displaying onscreena version of the city in which they live—a picture that tracks real life moment by moment. In practice，however, computers make our worsteducational nightmares come true. While we bemoan the decline of literacy,computers discount words in favor of pictures and pictures in favor of video.While we fret about the decreasing cogency of public debate, computers dismisslinear argument and promote fast, shallow romps across the informationlandscape. While we worry about basic skills, we allow into the classroomsoftware that will do a student’s arithmetic or correcthis spelling. Take multimedia. The idea of multimediais to combine text, sound and pictures in a single package that you browse onscreen. You don’t just read Shakespeare； you watch actorsperforming,listen to songs, view Elizabethan buildings. What’s wrong with that? By offering children candy-coated books,multimedia is guaranteed to sour them on unsweetened reading. It makes theprinted page look even more boring than it used to look. Sure，books will be available in the classroom,too—but they’ll have all the appeal of a dustypiano to a teen who has a Walkman handy. So what if the little nippers don’t read? If they’re watching Olivier instead，what do theylose? The text, the written word along with all of its attendant pleasures.Besides，a book is more portable than a computer, has ahigher-resolution display, can be written on and dogeared and is comparativelydirt cheap. Hypermedia，multimedia’s comrade in the struggle for a brave new classroom, is just astroubling. It’s a way of presenting documents on screenwithout imposing a linear start-to- finish order. Disembodied paragraphs arelinked by theme； after reading one about the FirstWorld War, for example, you might be able to choose another about thetechnology of battleships, or the life of Woodrow Wilson, or hemlines in the20s. This is another cute idea that is good in minor ways and terrible in majorones. Teaching children to understand the orderly unfolding of a plot or alogical argument is a crucial part of education. Authors don’t merely agglomerate paragraphs； they workhard to make the narrative read a certain way, prove a particular point. Toturn a book or a document into hypertext is to invite readers to ignore exactlywhat counts—the story.
The author uses the comparison between a dusty piano and a Walkman as____.()
A.an analogy to show that teens will lose interest in reading once they are exposed to multimedia正确答案A
B.an example to illustrate the rapid advance in technology and social studies
C.a reason to explain the cause of the conflict between traditional and modern way of teaching
D.an evidence to support his argument on multimedia learning for children
(4).
Passage One Computers should be in the schools. Theyhave the potential to accomplish great things. With the right software, theycould help make science tangible or teach neglected topics like art and music.They could help students form a concrete idea of society by displaying onscreena version of the city in which they live—a picture that tracks real life moment by moment. In practice，however, computers make our worsteducational nightmares come true. While we bemoan the decline of literacy,computers discount words in favor of pictures and pictures in favor of video.While we fret about the decreasing cogency of public debate, computers dismisslinear argument and promote fast, shallow romps across the informationlandscape. While we worry about basic skills, we allow into the classroomsoftware that will do a student’s arithmetic or correcthis spelling. Take multimedia. The idea of multimediais to combine text, sound and pictures in a single package that you browse onscreen. You don’t just read Shakespeare； you watch actorsperforming,listen to songs, view Elizabethan buildings. What’s wrong with that? By offering children candy-coated books,multimedia is guaranteed to sour them on unsweetened reading. It makes theprinted page look even more boring than it used to look. Sure，books will be available in the classroom,too—but they’ll have all the appeal of a dustypiano to a teen who has a Walkman handy. So what if the little nippers don’t read? If they’re watching Olivier instead，what do theylose? The text, the written word along with all of its attendant pleasures.Besides，a book is more portable than a computer, has ahigher-resolution display, can be written on and dogeared and is comparativelydirt cheap. Hypermedia，multimedia’s comrade in the struggle for a brave new classroom, is just astroubling. It’s a way of presenting documents on screenwithout imposing a linear start-to- finish order. Disembodied paragraphs arelinked by theme； after reading one about the FirstWorld War, for example, you might be able to choose another about thetechnology of battleships, or the life of Woodrow Wilson, or hemlines in the20s. This is another cute idea that is good in minor ways and terrible in majorones. Teaching children to understand the orderly unfolding of a plot or alogical argument is a crucial part of education. Authors don’t merely agglomerate paragraphs； they workhard to make the narrative read a certain way, prove a particular point. Toturn a book or a document into hypertext is to invite readers to ignore exactlywhat counts—the story.
The author disagrees with the use of modern hypermedia mainly for the reason that____
A.its non-linear arrangement of knowledge will not teach children to understand a logical argument正确答案A
B.it deprives children of the pleasure of reading books
C.it does not present documents on screen properly
D.it’s harmful to the training of children on concentration
(5).
Passage One Computers should be in the schools. Theyhave the potential to accomplish great things. With the right software, theycould help make science tangible or teach neglected topics like art and music.They could help students form a concrete idea of society by displaying onscreena version of the city in which they live—a picture that tracks real life moment by moment. In practice，however, computers make our worsteducational nightmares come true. While we bemoan the decline of literacy,computers discount words in favor of pictures and pictures in favor of video.While we fret about the decreasing cogency of public debate, computers dismisslinear argument and promote fast, shallow romps across the informationlandscape. While we worry about basic skills, we allow into the classroomsoftware that will do a student’s arithmetic or correcthis spelling. Take multimedia. The idea of multimediais to combine text, sound and pictures in a single package that you browse onscreen. You don’t just read Shakespeare； you watch actorsperforming,listen to songs, view Elizabethan buildings. What’s wrong with that? By offering children candy-coated books,multimedia is guaranteed to sour them on unsweetened reading. It makes theprinted page look even more boring than it used to look. Sure，books will be available in the classroom,too—but they’ll have all the appeal of a dustypiano to a teen who has a Walkman handy. So what if the little nippers don’t read? If they’re watching Olivier instead，what do theylose? The text, the written word along with all of its attendant pleasures.Besides，a book is more portable than a computer, has ahigher-resolution display, can be written on and dogeared and is comparativelydirt cheap. Hypermedia，multimedia’s comrade in the struggle for a brave new classroom, is just astroubling. It’s a way of presenting documents on screenwithout imposing a linear start-to- finish order. Disembodied paragraphs arelinked by theme； after reading one about the FirstWorld War, for example, you might be able to choose another about thetechnology of battleships, or the life of Woodrow Wilson, or hemlines in the20s. This is another cute idea that is good in minor ways and terrible in majorones. Teaching children to understand the orderly unfolding of a plot or alogical argument is a crucial part of education. Authors don’t merely agglomerate paragraphs； they workhard to make the narrative read a certain way, prove a particular point. Toturn a book or a document into hypertext is to invite readers to ignore exactlywhat counts—the story.
In Para. 5，the author mentions “the technology of battleships, or the life of Woodrow Wilson，or hemlines in the 20s” to show()
A.the width of information you can find with hypermedia正确答案D
B.his encyclopedical knowledge
C.the width of influence of World War I on social life
D.the non-linear arrangement of information with hypermedia
(6).
Passage Two People take to alcohol for one reason oranother. But what are the effects of it? It is well-known that alcohol makespeople fat and leads to heart and breathing problems which fatness makes worse.It can interfere with normal eating patterns and cause painful stomachdisorders. But the part of tile body which is in most danger from alcohol isthe liver. Too much drinking can lead to diseases like hepatitis (肝炎）and cirrhosis (肝硬化）of the liver which，in turn，lead to death. But it isn’t just thephysical working of the body which is affected； themental function is also damaged. In the short term, this usually involves lossof memory. The long-term consequences involve more serious brain damage. Then there are the psychologicalproblems, those which arise from what is happening in the mind. Alcohol canchange an individual’s personality. We have seen how，withoutalcohol，the alcoholic (饮酒过度的人）becomes more nervous， more worded about his problemswhich may appear much more important than they actually are. His moods maychange rapidly and violently. He often feels guilty and sorry for what he hasdone, but because he has lost control of himself? he continues to behave in aharmful way. In the end，he is unable to cope with eventhe simplest of his daily responsibilities which, of course, leads to all kindsof social problems. Often the ones who suffer most in suchcircumstances are not those who have the alcohol problem，but those closest tothem —husband, wives and children. They are the familywhich may be very loving and sympathetic； the stress ofhaving to cope with strain is too much and leads to the break-up of marriagesor the abuse of children, which create further psychological and socialpressures. The drinker suffers, too, as he watches his normal world fall downaround him.
It can be concluded from the first paragraph that____.()
A.every person drinks alcohol for many reasons正确答案D
B.the death of the alcoholic is mostly caused by drinking
C.alcohol not only causes heart and breathing problems but makes fatness worse
D.taking to alcohol does damage to people both physically and mentally
(7).
Passage One Many people believe that taking vitaminsupplements is the best safeguard against the dangers of an incomplete diet butthis should be a last resort rather than a way out of a problem. Even if thereis a genuine need for extra vitamins, then sooner or later the question arises"which ones do I need, how much of them, and how often?" There isreally no simple answer to this question. The Food Standards Committee suggestsin their recent report to the government that we do not need any extravitamins. They say that they are"not necessary for a healthy individualeating normal diet". Whilst few of us would challenge their authority onthe subject of nutrition, it is, perhaps, pertinent to ask the question"how many of us are healthy, and what is a normal diet?" There is anelement of doubt in many minds about these two aspects and though few peopleare familiar with the wording of the Food Standards Report they do wonderinstinctively if they are eating the right things. The blame for faulty eatinghabits is often placed at the door of the ubiquitous junk and conveniencefoods. As we have seen, some of these are not the criminals they are made outto be. White bread is only slightly less nutritious than brown bread and frozenvegetables can be almost as"fresh"as fresh food. There are very fewfoods which can really be described as pure rubbish. Many pre-packed foodscontain too much sugar and we would all benefit by avoiding these, but mosttinned, processed and dried foods contain useful amounts of fat, protein,carbohydrate, vitamins and minerals. The addition of a small amount of fruit ora side salad to convenience foods such as pizzas or hamburgers can turn a snackinto a well-balanced meal. "Junk" food is difficult todefine. White sugar is probably the nearest contender for the title. Itcontains plenty of calories for energy but not much else, and is oftendescribed as an"empty calorie" food. Alcohol is also high incalories. but beer and wine contain some of the B vitamins and wine is a goodsource of iron, so even a teetotaler could not describe all alcohol asuseless, nutritionally speaking. Calories measure the energy we derive from thefood we eat, and sugar and alcohol are sometimes described as having a highenergy density. There is a limit to the amount of energy we need each day(2,000~2,200 calories is the average for women and 2, 500~3,000 for men) and ifwe eat too much sugar and alcohol there is no appetite left for thevitamin-rich foods we need-fish, meat, fruit and vegetables. Buying vitaminscan be predicted by psychological as well as nutritional motives and it isprudent to investigate why we think we need them and what benefits we expectfrom them before we rush off to the health shop to make our purchases.
According to the Food Standards Committee,_______
A.many of us do not have a healthy diet正确答案C
B.many of us need to think twice about our eating habits
C.people do not need extra vitamins if they have a normal diet
D.people must have extra vitamins as a safeguard against illnesses
(8).
Passage One Many people believe that taking vitaminsupplements is the best safeguard against the dangers of an incomplete diet butthis should be a last resort rather than a way out of a problem. Even if thereis a genuine need for extra vitamins, then sooner or later the question arises"which ones do I need, how much of them, and how often?" There isreally no simple answer to this question. The Food Standards Committee suggestsin their recent report to the government that we do not need any extravitamins. They say that they are"not necessary for a healthy individualeating normal diet". Whilst few of us would challenge their authority onthe subject of nutrition, it is, perhaps, pertinent to ask the question"how many of us are healthy, and what is a normal diet?" There is anelement of doubt in many minds about these two aspects and though few peopleare familiar with the wording of the Food Standards Report they do wonderinstinctively if they are eating the right things. The blame for faulty eatinghabits is often placed at the door of the ubiquitous junk and conveniencefoods. As we have seen, some of these are not the criminals they are made outto be. White bread is only slightly less nutritious than brown bread and frozenvegetables can be almost as"fresh"as fresh food. There are very fewfoods which can really be described as pure rubbish. Many pre-packed foodscontain too much sugar and we would all benefit by avoiding these, but mosttinned, processed and dried foods contain useful amounts of fat, protein,carbohydrate, vitamins and minerals. The addition of a small amount of fruit ora side salad to convenience foods such as pizzas or hamburgers can turn a snackinto a well-balanced meal. "Junk" food is difficult todefine. White sugar is probably the nearest contender for the title. Itcontains plenty of calories for energy but not much else, and is oftendescribed as an"empty calorie" food. Alcohol is also high incalories. but beer and wine contain some of the B vitamins and wine is a goodsource of iron, so even a teetotaler could not describe all alcohol asuseless, nutritionally speaking. Calories measure the energy we derive from thefood we eat, and sugar and alcohol are sometimes described as having a highenergy density. There is a limit to the amount of energy we need each day(2,000~2,200 calories is the average for women and 2, 500~3,000 for men) and ifwe eat too much sugar and alcohol there is no appetite left for thevitamin-rich foods we need-fish, meat, fruit and vegetables. Buying vitaminscan be predicted by psychological as well as nutritional motives and it isprudent to investigate why we think we need them and what benefits we expectfrom them before we rush off to the health shop to make our purchases.
Canned foods do not necessarily mean unhealthy because they may contain_______
A.enough sugar正确答案D
B.some extra supplements
C.fresh vegetables
D.some useful substances we need
(9).
Passage One Many people believe that taking vitaminsupplements is the best safeguard against the dangers of an incomplete diet butthis should be a last resort rather than a way out of a problem. Even if thereis a genuine need for extra vitamins, then sooner or later the question arises"which ones do I need, how much of them, and how often?" There isreally no simple answer to this question. The Food Standards Committee suggestsin their recent report to the government that we do not need any extravitamins. They say that they are"not necessary for a healthy individualeating normal diet". Whilst few of us would challenge their authority onthe subject of nutrition, it is, perhaps, pertinent to ask the question"how many of us are healthy, and what is a normal diet?" There is anelement of doubt in many minds about these two aspects and though few peopleare familiar with the wording of the Food Standards Report they do wonderinstinctively if they are eating the right things. The blame for faulty eatinghabits is often placed at the door of the ubiquitous junk and conveniencefoods. As we have seen, some of these are not the criminals they are made outto be. White bread is only slightly less nutritious than brown bread and frozenvegetables can be almost as"fresh"as fresh food. There are very fewfoods which can really be described as pure rubbish. Many pre-packed foodscontain too much sugar and we would all benefit by avoiding these, but mosttinned, processed and dried foods contain useful amounts of fat, protein,carbohydrate, vitamins and minerals. The addition of a small amount of fruit ora side salad to convenience foods such as pizzas or hamburgers can turn a snackinto a well-balanced meal. "Junk" food is difficult todefine. White sugar is probably the nearest contender for the title. Itcontains plenty of calories for energy but not much else, and is oftendescribed as an"empty calorie" food. Alcohol is also high incalories. but beer and wine contain some of the B vitamins and wine is a goodsource of iron, so even a teetotaler could not describe all alcohol asuseless, nutritionally speaking. Calories measure the energy we derive from thefood we eat, and sugar and alcohol are sometimes described as having a highenergy density. There is a limit to the amount of energy we need each day(2,000~2,200 calories is the average for women and 2, 500~3,000 for men) and ifwe eat too much sugar and alcohol there is no appetite left for thevitamin-rich foods we need-fish, meat, fruit and vegetables. Buying vitaminscan be predicted by psychological as well as nutritional motives and it isprudent to investigate why we think we need them and what benefits we expectfrom them before we rush off to the health shop to make our purchases.
We can learn from Paragraph 2 that_______
A.healthy food usually contains no calories正确答案B
B.we cannot simply define alcohol as
C.alcohol surely contains extra vitamins
D.white sugar is not at all healthy
(10).
Passage One Many people believe that taking vitaminsupplements is the best safeguard against the dangers of an incomplete diet butthis should be a last resort rather than a way out of a problem. Even if thereis a genuine need for extra vitamins, then sooner or later the question arises"which ones do I need, how much of them, and how often?" There isreally no simple answer to this question. The Food Standards Committee suggestsin their recent report to the government that we do not need any extravitamins. They say that they are"not necessary for a healthy individualeating normal diet". Whilst few of us would challenge their authority onthe subject of nutrition, it is, perhaps, pertinent to ask the question"how many of us are healthy, and what is a normal diet?" There is anelement of doubt in many minds about these two aspects and though few peopleare familiar with the wording of the Food Standards Report they do wonderinstinctively if they are eating the right things. The blame for faulty eatinghabits is often placed at the door of the ubiquitous junk and conveniencefoods. As we have seen, some of these are not the criminals they are made outto be. White bread is only slightly less nutritious than brown bread and frozenvegetables can be almost as"fresh"as fresh food. There are very fewfoods which can really be described as pure rubbish. Many pre-packed foodscontain too much sugar and we would all benefit by avoiding these, but mosttinned, processed and dried foods contain useful amounts of fat, protein,carbohydrate, vitamins and minerals. The addition of a small amount of fruit ora side salad to convenience foods such as pizzas or hamburgers can turn a snackinto a well-balanced meal. "Junk" food is difficult todefine. White sugar is probably the nearest contender for the title. Itcontains plenty of calories for energy but not much else, and is oftendescribed as an"empty calorie" food. Alcohol is also high incalories. but beer and wine contain some of the B vitamins and wine is a goodsource of iron, so even a teetotaler could not describe all alcohol asuseless, nutritionally speaking. Calories measure the energy we derive from thefood we eat, and sugar and alcohol are sometimes described as having a highenergy density. There is a limit to the amount of energy we need each day(2,000~2,200 calories is the average for women and 2, 500~3,000 for men) and ifwe eat too much sugar and alcohol there is no appetite left for thevitamin-rich foods we need-fish, meat, fruit and vegetables. Buying vitaminscan be predicted by psychological as well as nutritional motives and it isprudent to investigate why we think we need them and what benefits we expectfrom them before we rush off to the health shop to make our purchases.
The word 'teetotaler' Paragraph 2 means_______
A.a person who never drinks alcohol正确答案A
B.a person who usually eats junk food
C.a person who never eats white sugar
D.a person who usually has a balanced diet
(11).
Passage One Many people believe that taking vitaminsupplements is the best safeguard against the dangers of an incomplete diet butthis should be a last resort rather than a way out of a problem. Even if thereis a genuine need for extra vitamins, then sooner or later the question arises"which ones do I need, how much of them, and how often?" There isreally no simple answer to this question. The Food Standards Committee suggestsin their recent report to the government that we do not need any extravitamins. They say that they are"not necessary for a healthy individualeating normal diet". Whilst few of us would challenge their authority onthe subject of nutrition, it is, perhaps, pertinent to ask the question"how many of us are healthy, and what is a normal diet?" There is anelement of doubt in many minds about these two aspects and though few peopleare familiar with the wording of the Food Standards Report they do wonderinstinctively if they are eating the right things. The blame for faulty eatinghabits is often placed at the door of the ubiquitous junk and conveniencefoods. As we have seen, some of these are not the criminals they are made outto be. White bread is only slightly less nutritious than brown bread and frozenvegetables can be almost as"fresh"as fresh food. There are very fewfoods which can really be described as pure rubbish. Many pre-packed foodscontain too much sugar and we would all benefit by avoiding these, but mosttinned, processed and dried foods contain useful amounts of fat, protein,carbohydrate, vitamins and minerals. The addition of a small amount of fruit ora side salad to convenience foods such as pizzas or hamburgers can turn a snackinto a well-balanced meal. "Junk" food is difficult todefine. White sugar is probably the nearest contender for the title. Itcontains plenty of calories for energy but not much else, and is oftendescribed as an"empty calorie" food. Alcohol is also high incalories. but beer and wine contain some of the B vitamins and wine is a goodsource of iron, so even a teetotaler could not describe all alcohol asuseless, nutritionally speaking. Calories measure the energy we derive from thefood we eat, and sugar and alcohol are sometimes described as having a highenergy density. There is a limit to the amount of energy we need each day(2,000~2,200 calories is the average for women and 2, 500~3,000 for men) and ifwe eat too much sugar and alcohol there is no appetite left for thevitamin-rich foods we need-fish, meat, fruit and vegetables. Buying vitaminscan be predicted by psychological as well as nutritional motives and it isprudent to investigate why we think we need them and what benefits we expectfrom them before we rush off to the health shop to make our purchases.
The passage tells us that_______
A.we should not buy vitamins blindly正确答案A
B.white sugar and meat should not be eaten together
C.alcohol is a good companion for foods like fish and meat
D.we need to measure calories contained in the food before we eat it
(12).
Passage Four The world population reached 6. 6 billionthis year，upfrom 6 billion in 1999. By 2025, researchers expect nearly 8 billion peoplewill be living on the planet. Ninety-nine per cent of those new inhabitantswill be in developing countries. Three million migrants are moving frompoor countries to wealthier ones each year, and increasingly, their destinationis a neighboring country in developing parts of the world. Those statisticscome from an annual demographic snapshot of global population numbers andtrends, produced by the Population Reference Bureau. Rachel Nugent, an economist with theresearch group, points to the population shifts that are occurring now fromBangladesh to India or from India, Egypt and Yemen to the Persian Gulf. She says people are moving within thedeveloping world for the same reasons they migrate to wealthier nations. “People from very poorcountries (are) going to less poor countries ,people fleeing wars and conflict.” She adds that they are also responding to population pressuresbecause, she says, “some countries are very denselypopulated, and they often have high population growth. Those people need to gosomewhere, and they are often going looking for jobs. Nugent says migration from Guatemala toMexico is one such example. “And many Guatemalans go to Mexico, probably 25,000 a year that stayand 100,000 a year that go back and forth. And that is a pretty high proportionof the Guatemalan population.” The United Nations projects that by 2050,the population of Europe, now at 750 million, will fall by 75 million；and Japan, home to 128million people, will lose 16 million. Population Reference Bureau seniordemographer and survey author Carl Haub says this is going to be a threat toeconomic health. “The number of young people in many European countries is half of thesize of their parents’ generation,” he says. “So what you see today are thecorporations, the health care system in this country saying,’Listen! We can’t find workers. We haven’t had enough workers and now we can’t findworkers’ So they will have to come from some place andthat’s going to have to come from outside the country.
The population in Europe and Japan is.
A.shrinking正确答案A
B.declining
C.increasing
D.exploding
(13).
Passage Four The world population reached 6. 6 billionthis year，upfrom 6 billion in 1999. By 2025, researchers expect nearly 8 billion peoplewill be living on the planet. Ninety-nine per cent of those new inhabitantswill be in developing countries. Three million migrants are moving frompoor countries to wealthier ones each year, and increasingly, their destinationis a neighboring country in developing parts of the world. Those statisticscome from an annual demographic snapshot of global population numbers andtrends, produced by the Population Reference Bureau. Rachel Nugent, an economist with theresearch group, points to the population shifts that are occurring now fromBangladesh to India or from India, Egypt and Yemen to the Persian Gulf. She says people are moving within thedeveloping world for the same reasons they migrate to wealthier nations. “People from very poorcountries (are) going to less poor countries ,people fleeing wars and conflict.” She adds that they are also responding to population pressuresbecause, she says, “some countries are very denselypopulated, and they often have high population growth. Those people need to gosomewhere, and they are often going looking for jobs. Nugent says migration from Guatemala toMexico is one such example. “And many Guatemalans go to Mexico, probably 25,000 a year that stayand 100,000 a year that go back and forth. And that is a pretty high proportionof the Guatemalan population.” The United Nations projects that by 2050,the population of Europe, now at 750 million, will fall by 75 million；and Japan, home to 128million people, will lose 16 million. Population Reference Bureau seniordemographer and survey author Carl Haub says this is going to be a threat toeconomic health. “The number of young people in many European countries is half of thesize of their parents’ generation,” he says. “So what you see today are thecorporations, the health care system in this country saying,’Listen! We can’t find workers. We haven’t had enough workers and now we can’t findworkers’ So they will have to come from some place andthat’s going to have to come from outside the country.
“New inhabitants” in the first paragraph refer to____.
A.people who migrate from one country to another正确答案C
B.people who will live on other planets in space
C.people who will be born in the next decades
D.people who live in newly-established countries
(14).
Passage five Today，there’s scarcelyan aspect of our life that isn’t being upended by thetorrent of information available on the hundreds of millions of sites crowdingthe Internet, not to mention its ability to keep us in constant touch with eachother via electronic mail. “If the automobile andaerospace technology had exploded at the same pace as computer and informationtechnology，” says Microsoft，“anew car would cost about $ 2 and go 600 miles on a thimbleful of gas. And youcould buy a Boeing 747 for the cost of a pizza. Probably the biggest payoff, however, isthe billions of dollars the Internet is saving companies in producing goods andserving for the needs of their customers. Nothing like it has been seen sincethe beginning of the Industrial Revolution, when power-driven machines beganproducing more in a day than men could turn out in nearly a year. “We view the growth ofthe Internet and e-commerce as a global megatrend，”says Merrill Lynch，“along the lines of printing press,the telephone, the computer, and electricity. You would be hard pressed to namesomething that isn’t available on the Internet. Consider: books, health care, movietickets, construction materials, baby clothes, stocks, cattle feed, music,electronics, antiques, tools, real estate, toys, autographs of famous people?wine and airline tickets. And even after you’ve movedon to your final resting place，there’s no reason those you love can’t keep intouch. A company called FinalThoughts. com offers a place for you to store “afterlife e-mails” you can send to Heavenwith the help of a “guardian angel”. Kids today are so computer savvy that itvirtually ensures the United States will remain the unchallenged leader incyberspace for the foreseeable future. Nearly all children in families withincomes of more than $ 75,000 a year have home computers, according to a studyby the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. Youngsters from ages 2 to 17 at allincome levels have computers, with 52% of those connected to the Internet. Mostkids use computers to play games (some for 30 hours or more a week) , and manyteenage girls think nothing of rushing home from school to have e-mail chatswith friends they have just left. What’s clear is that, whether we like it or not, the Internet is an evergrowing part of our lives and there is no turning back. “The Internet is just 20% invented，” sayscyber pioneer Jake Winebaum. “The last 80% is happeningnow. “
What can we learn from the Microsoft’s remark?()
A.Today’s cars and airplanes are outrageously overpriced.正确答案B
B.Information technology is developing at an amazing speed.
C.Information technology has reached the point where improvement is difficult.
D.There’s more competition in information technology industry than in car industry.
(15).
Passage five Today，there’s scarcelyan aspect of our life that isn’t being upended by thetorrent of information available on the hundreds of millions of sites crowdingthe Internet, not to mention its ability to keep us in constant touch with eachother via electronic mail. “If the automobile andaerospace technology had exploded at the same pace as computer and informationtechnology，” says Microsoft，“anew car would cost about $ 2 and go 600 miles on a thimbleful of gas. And youcould buy a Boeing 747 for the cost of a pizza. Probably the biggest payoff, however, isthe billions of dollars the Internet is saving companies in producing goods andserving for the needs of their customers. Nothing like it has been seen sincethe beginning of the Industrial Revolution, when power-driven machines beganproducing more in a day than men could turn out in nearly a year. “We view the growth ofthe Internet and e-commerce as a global megatrend，”says Merrill Lynch，“along the lines of printing press,the telephone, the computer, and electricity. You would be hard pressed to namesomething that isn’t available on the Internet. Consider: books, health care, movietickets, construction materials, baby clothes, stocks, cattle feed, music,electronics, antiques, tools, real estate, toys, autographs of famous people?wine and airline tickets. And even after you’ve movedon to your final resting place，there’s no reason those you love can’t keep intouch. A company called FinalThoughts. com offers a place for you to store “afterlife e-mails” you can send to Heavenwith the help of a “guardian angel”. Kids today are so computer savvy that itvirtually ensures the United States will remain the unchallenged leader incyberspace for the foreseeable future. Nearly all children in families withincomes of more than $ 75,000 a year have home computers, according to a studyby the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. Youngsters from ages 2 to 17 at allincome levels have computers, with 52% of those connected to the Internet. Mostkids use computers to play games (some for 30 hours or more a week) , and manyteenage girls think nothing of rushing home from school to have e-mail chatswith friends they have just left. What’s clear is that, whether we like it or not, the Internet is an evergrowing part of our lives and there is no turning back. “The Internet is just 20% invented，” sayscyber pioneer Jake Winebaum. “The last 80% is happeningnow. “
According to the author, the biggest benefit of the Internet is that____.()
A.it saves companies huge amounts of money正确答案A
B.it accelerates the speed of profit making
C.it brings people incredible convenience
D.it provides easy access to information
(16).
Passage five Today，there’s scarcelyan aspect of our life that isn’t being upended by thetorrent of information available on the hundreds of millions of sites crowdingthe Internet, not to mention its ability to keep us in constant touch with eachother via electronic mail. “If the automobile andaerospace technology had exploded at the same pace as computer and informationtechnology，” says Microsoft，“anew car would cost about $ 2 and go 600 miles on a thimbleful of gas. And youcould buy a Boeing 747 for the cost of a pizza. Probably the biggest payoff, however, isthe billions of dollars the Internet is saving companies in producing goods andserving for the needs of their customers. Nothing like it has been seen sincethe beginning of the Industrial Revolution, when power-driven machines beganproducing more in a day than men could turn out in nearly a year. “We view the growth ofthe Internet and e-commerce as a global megatrend，”says Merrill Lynch，“along the lines of printing press,the telephone, the computer, and electricity. You would be hard pressed to namesomething that isn’t available on the Internet. Consider: books, health care, movietickets, construction materials, baby clothes, stocks, cattle feed, music,electronics, antiques, tools, real estate, toys, autographs of famous people?wine and airline tickets. And even after you’ve movedon to your final resting place，there’s no reason those you love can’t keep intouch. A company called FinalThoughts. com offers a place for you to store “afterlife e-mails” you can send to Heavenwith the help of a “guardian angel”. Kids today are so computer savvy that itvirtually ensures the United States will remain the unchallenged leader incyberspace for the foreseeable future. Nearly all children in families withincomes of more than $ 75,000 a year have home computers, according to a studyby the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. Youngsters from ages 2 to 17 at allincome levels have computers, with 52% of those connected to the Internet. Mostkids use computers to play games (some for 30 hours or more a week) , and manyteenage girls think nothing of rushing home from school to have e-mail chatswith friends they have just left. What’s clear is that, whether we like it or not, the Internet is an evergrowing part of our lives and there is no turning back. “The Internet is just 20% invented，” sayscyber pioneer Jake Winebaum. “The last 80% is happeningnow. “
The author gives the example of FinalThoughts. com to make the point that____
A.there are some genius ideas on the Internet正确答案B
B.almost anything is available on the Internet
C.people can find good bargains on the Internet
D.some websites provide novel services to increase hits
(17).
Passage One The ups and downs of life may seem tohave no predictable plan. But scientists now know there are very definite lifepatterns that almost all people share. Today, when we live 20 years longer thanour great-grandparents, and when women mysteriously outlive men by seven years,it is clearer than ever that the "game of life" is really a game oftrade-offs. As we age, we trade strength for ingenuity, speed for thoroughness,and passion for reason. These exchanges may not always seem fair, but at everyage there are some advantages. So it is reassuring to note that even if you'vepassed some of your "prime", you still have other prime years toexperience in the future. Certain important primes seem to peak later in time. WHEN ARE YOU HEALTHIEST? For men, from 15to 25; for women 15 to 30 "A man is in his best shape in thedecade before age 25," says New York internist Dr. Donald Tomkins."His muscles are firmest, his resistance to colds and infections ishighest, and his body is most efficient in utilizing nutrients. "Women, forreasons scientists do not understand, get a five-year bonus. Peak health beginsto decline when the body process called anabolism(cell growth) is overtaken by theopposite process, catabolism (cell death.) "Cells have been dying sincebirth," says Tomkins, "but in our late 20's, they start dying fasterthan they are replaced." Also, muscle is replaced with fat. Women also get an additional bonus ofgood health later in life. The figures of National Institute of Health showthat the onset of such "old age" diseases as arthritis, rheumatism,and heart ailments denies the generally greater fitness of women: Lifeexpectancy for men is now 68.3; for women 75.9. U.S. aging authority WilliamKannel says, "Older women with low blood pressure are practicallyimportant." However, psychologists believe that by entering the competitivejob market in increasing numbers, women may eventually give up theirstatistical advantage. WHEN ARE YOU MOST CREATIVE? Generallybetween 30 to 39, but the peak varies with different professions. Mozart wrote a symphony and four sonatasby age eight, and Mendelssohn composed his best-known work, A Midsummer Night'sDream, at 17. Psychologist H. C. Lehman presents the years for peak work inmany fields. Though the peak in most fields comes early--most Nobel Prizewinners did their top research in their late 20's and 30's-creative peoplecontinue to produce quality work throughout their lives.
The first sentence in paragraph 1 means that_____
A.people may have to go through the hard times正确答案C
B.the ups and downs of life cannot be avoided
C.life patterns may not be told in advance
D.people may not have a happy life
(18).
Passage One The ups and downs of life may seem tohave no predictable plan. But scientists now know there are very definite lifepatterns that almost all people share. Today, when we live 20 years longer thanour great-grandparents, and when women mysteriously outlive men by seven years,it is clearer than ever that the "game of life" is really a game oftrade-offs. As we age, we trade strength for ingenuity, speed for thoroughness,and passion for reason. These exchanges may not always seem fair, but at everyage there are some advantages. So it is reassuring to note that even if you'vepassed some of your "prime", you still have other prime years toexperience in the future. Certain important primes seem to peak later in time. WHEN ARE YOU HEALTHIEST? For men, from 15to 25; for women 15 to 30 "A man is in his best shape in thedecade before age 25," says New York internist Dr. Donald Tomkins."His muscles are firmest, his resistance to colds and infections ishighest, and his body is most efficient in utilizing nutrients. "Women, forreasons scientists do not understand, get a five-year bonus. Peak health beginsto decline when the body process called anabolism(cell growth) is overtaken by theopposite process, catabolism (cell death.) "Cells have been dying sincebirth," says Tomkins, "but in our late 20's, they start dying fasterthan they are replaced." Also, muscle is replaced with fat. Women also get an additional bonus ofgood health later in life. The figures of National Institute of Health showthat the onset of such "old age" diseases as arthritis, rheumatism,and heart ailments denies the generally greater fitness of women: Lifeexpectancy for men is now 68.3; for women 75.9. U.S. aging authority WilliamKannel says, "Older women with low blood pressure are practicallyimportant." However, psychologists believe that by entering the competitivejob market in increasing numbers, women may eventually give up theirstatistical advantage. WHEN ARE YOU MOST CREATIVE? Generallybetween 30 to 39, but the peak varies with different professions. Mozart wrote a symphony and four sonatasby age eight, and Mendelssohn composed his best-known work, A Midsummer Night'sDream, at 17. Psychologist H. C. Lehman presents the years for peak work inmany fields. Though the peak in most fields comes early--most Nobel Prizewinners did their top research in their late 20's and 30's-creative peoplecontinue to produce quality work throughout their lives.
We can learn from paragraph 3 that_____
A.a woman is in her best shape in her late 20's正确答案C
B.a man is in his best shape in the decade before age 30
C.the peak health period for men is 5 years shorter than that for women
D.the peak health period for women is 10 years longer than that for men
(19).
Passage One The ups and downs of life may seem tohave no predictable plan. But scientists now know there are very definite lifepatterns that almost all people share. Today, when we live 20 years longer thanour great-grandparents, and when women mysteriously outlive men by seven years,it is clearer than ever that the "game of life" is really a game oftrade-offs. As we age, we trade strength for ingenuity, speed for thoroughness,and passion for reason. These exchanges may not always seem fair, but at everyage there are some advantages. So it is reassuring to note that even if you'vepassed some of your "prime", you still have other prime years toexperience in the future. Certain important primes seem to peak later in time. WHEN ARE YOU HEALTHIEST? For men, from 15to 25; for women 15 to 30 "A man is in his best shape in thedecade before age 25," says New York internist Dr. Donald Tomkins."His muscles are firmest, his resistance to colds and infections ishighest, and his body is most efficient in utilizing nutrients. "Women, forreasons scientists do not understand, get a five-year bonus. Peak health beginsto decline when the body process called anabolism(cell growth) is overtaken by theopposite process, catabolism (cell death.) "Cells have been dying sincebirth," says Tomkins, "but in our late 20's, they start dying fasterthan they are replaced." Also, muscle is replaced with fat. Women also get an additional bonus ofgood health later in life. The figures of National Institute of Health showthat the onset of such "old age" diseases as arthritis, rheumatism,and heart ailments denies the generally greater fitness of women: Lifeexpectancy for men is now 68.3; for women 75.9. U.S. aging authority WilliamKannel says, "Older women with low blood pressure are practicallyimportant." However, psychologists believe that by entering the competitivejob market in increasing numbers, women may eventually give up theirstatistical advantage. WHEN ARE YOU MOST CREATIVE? Generallybetween 30 to 39, but the peak varies with different professions. Mozart wrote a symphony and four sonatasby age eight, and Mendelssohn composed his best-known work, A Midsummer Night'sDream, at 17. Psychologist H. C. Lehman presents the years for peak work inmany fields. Though the peak in most fields comes early--most Nobel Prizewinners did their top research in their late 20's and 30's-creative peoplecontinue to produce quality work throughout their lives.
We can learn from paragraph 4 that_____
A.women are as suitable for the competitive job market as men正确答案B
B.career women may lose their advantages in life expectancy
C.career women usually have lower blood pressure
D.women are fit for any kind of jobs
(20).
Passage One The ups and downs of life may seem tohave no predictable plan. But scientists now know there are very definite lifepatterns that almost all people share. Today, when we live 20 years longer thanour great-grandparents, and when women mysteriously outlive men by seven years,it is clearer than ever that the "game of life" is really a game oftrade-offs. As we age, we trade strength for ingenuity, speed for thoroughness,and passion for reason. These exchanges may not always seem fair, but at everyage there are some advantages. So it is reassuring to note that even if you'vepassed some of your "prime", you still have other prime years toexperience in the future. Certain important primes seem to peak later in time. WHEN ARE YOU HEALTHIEST? For men, from 15to 25; for women 15 to 30 "A man is in his best shape in thedecade before age 25," says New York internist Dr. Donald Tomkins."His muscles are firmest, his resistance to colds and infections ishighest, and his body is most efficient in utilizing nutrients. "Women, forreasons scientists do not understand, get a five-year bonus. Peak health beginsto decline when the body process called anabolism(cell growth) is overtaken by theopposite process, catabolism (cell death.) "Cells have been dying sincebirth," says Tomkins, "but in our late 20's, they start dying fasterthan they are replaced." Also, muscle is replaced with fat. Women also get an additional bonus ofgood health later in life. The figures of National Institute of Health showthat the onset of such "old age" diseases as arthritis, rheumatism,and heart ailments denies the generally greater fitness of women: Lifeexpectancy for men is now 68.3; for women 75.9. U.S. aging authority WilliamKannel says, "Older women with low blood pressure are practicallyimportant." However, psychologists believe that by entering the competitivejob market in increasing numbers, women may eventually give up theirstatistical advantage. WHEN ARE YOU MOST CREATIVE? Generallybetween 30 to 39, but the peak varies with different professions. Mozart wrote a symphony and four sonatasby age eight, and Mendelssohn composed his best-known work, A Midsummer Night'sDream, at 17. Psychologist H. C. Lehman presents the years for peak work inmany fields. Though the peak in most fields comes early--most Nobel Prizewinners did their top research in their late 20's and 30's-creative peoplecontinue to produce quality work throughout their lives.
The underlined part in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to_____
A.is different with正确答案A
B.adapts to
C.is opposite to
D.goes with
(21).
Passage One The ups and downs of life may seem tohave no predictable plan. But scientists now know there are very definite lifepatterns that almost all people share. Today, when we live 20 years longer thanour great-grandparents, and when women mysteriously outlive men by seven years,it is clearer than ever that the "game of life" is really a game oftrade-offs. As we age, we trade strength for ingenuity, speed for thoroughness,and passion for reason. These exchanges may not always seem fair, but at everyage there are some advantages. So it is reassuring to note that even if you'vepassed some of your "prime", you still have other prime years toexperience in the future. Certain important primes seem to peak later in time. WHEN ARE YOU HEALTHIEST? For men, from 15to 25; for women 15 to 30 "A man is in his best shape in thedecade before age 25," says New York internist Dr. Donald Tomkins."His muscles are firmest, his resistance to colds and infections ishighest, and his body is most efficient in utilizing nutrients. "Women, forreasons scientists do not understand, get a five-year bonus. Peak health beginsto decline when the body process called anabolism(cell growth) is overtaken by theopposite process, catabolism (cell death.) "Cells have been dying sincebirth," says Tomkins, "but in our late 20's, they start dying fasterthan they are replaced." Also, muscle is replaced with fat. Women also get an additional bonus ofgood health later in life. The figures of National Institute of Health showthat the onset of such "old age" diseases as arthritis, rheumatism,and heart ailments denies the generally greater fitness of women: Lifeexpectancy for men is now 68.3; for women 75.9. U.S. aging authority WilliamKannel says, "Older women with low blood pressure are practicallyimportant." However, psychologists believe that by entering the competitivejob market in increasing numbers, women may eventually give up theirstatistical advantage. WHEN ARE YOU MOST CREATIVE? Generallybetween 30 to 39, but the peak varies with different professions. Mozart wrote a symphony and four sonatasby age eight, and Mendelssohn composed his best-known work, A Midsummer Night'sDream, at 17. Psychologist H. C. Lehman presents the years for peak work inmany fields. Though the peak in most fields comes early--most Nobel Prizewinners did their top research in their late 20's and 30's-creative peoplecontinue to produce quality work throughout their lives.
Which statement is true according to paragraph 6?
A.Creative people usually produce their peak work at the age of 30 to 39.正确答案C
B.Most Nobel Prize winners reach their peak before their 30's.
C.Creative people produce work of high quality all their lives.
D.People do not produce fine work in their old age.
(22).
Passage Two The age of gilded youth is over. Today'sunder-thirties are the first generation for a century who can expect lowerliving standard than their parents. Research into the lifestyle and prospectsof people born since 1970 shows that they are likely to face a lifetime oflonger working hours, lower job security and higher taxes than the previousgeneration. When they leave work late in the eveningthey will be more likely to return to a small rented flat than to a house oftheir own. When, eventually, they retire it will be on pensions far lower inreal terms than those of their immediate forebears. The findings are revealedin a study of the way the aging of Britain's population is affecting differentgenerations. Anthea Tinker, professor of socialgerontology at King's College London, who carried out much of the work, saidthe growth of the proportion of people over 50 had reversed the traditionalflow of wealth from older to younger generations. "Today's older middle-aged andelderly are becoming the new winners,"she said. "They made relativelysmall contributions in tax but now make relatively big claims on the welfaresystem. Generations born in the last three to four decades face the prospect ofhanding over more than a third of their lifetime's earnings to care forthem." The surging number of older people, manyliving alone, has also increased demand for property and pushed up houseprices. While previous generations found it easy to raise a mortgage, today'sunder-thirties have to live with their parents or rent. If they can afford tobuy a home it is more likely to be a flat than a house. Laura Lenox-Conyngham, 28, grew up in alarge house and her mother did not need to work. Unlike her wealthy parents shegraduated with student and postgraduate loan debts of £13,000. She now earnsabout £20,000 a year, preparing food to be photographed for magazines. Her homeis a one-bedroom flat in central London and she sublets the lounge sofa-bed toher brother. "My father took pity and paid off mystudent debts," she said. "But I still have no pension and no chanceof buying a property for at least a couple of years and then it will besomething small in a bad area. My only hope is the traditional one of meeting arich man. Tinker's research reveals Lenox-Conynghamis representative of many young professionals, especially in London Manchester,Edinburgh and Bristol.
Anthea Tinker's research reveals that_____
A.nowadays wealth flows from younger generations to the older ones正确答案A
B.nowadays wealth flows from older generations to the younger ones
C.the traditional way of accumulating wealth has been reversed
D.long-established traditions have already been reversed
(23). He backs up his pitch with facts. Numerous studies, includingrecent reports by the Center for the Study of Reading and the National Councilof Teachers of English, confirm that reading to children builds vocabulary,stimulates imagination, stretches the attention span, nourishes emotional development,and introduces the textures and nuances of the English language. Reading aloud is,in essence, an advertisement for learning to read. Trelease laments that elementary-school students are too oftenconditioned to associate reading with work. "We have concentrated so hardon teaching children how to read that we have forgotten to teach them to want toread, "he says. His audience is surprised to hear that only 22 percent ofeighth-graders read for fun daily, while 65 percent watch three hours or more oftelevision each day. Research also indicates that average reading proficiency dropswhen TV viewing reaches about three hours a day. Their parents'habits are nobetter: a recent survey shows a decline in newspaper readership among U.S. adults. Lest there be any doubt about the stakes involved, Treleasemakes a bold claim. Reading, he says, is the single most important socialfactor in American life today. "The more you read, the smarter you grow. The longeryou stay in school, the more money you earn. The more you earn, the better yourchildren will do in school. So if you hook a child with reading, you influence notonly his future but also that of the next generation.” Trelease found his calling not because it spoke to hisintellect, but because it nurtured his emotions. When his two children, Elizabeth andJamie were young, Trelease and his wife, Susan, fed them as many books as meals."I read to my kids because my father had read to me,"he says. "I justwanted them to have the good feelings I had had."
helped something to develop (Para. 5)
nurtured
(24). He backs up his pitch with facts. Numerous studies, includingrecent reports by the Center for the Study of Reading and the National Councilof Teachers of English, confirm that reading to children builds vocabulary,stimulates imagination, stretches the attention span, nourishes emotional development,and introduces the textures and nuances of the English language. Reading aloud is,in essence, an advertisement for learning to read. Trelease laments that elementary-school students are too oftenconditioned to associate reading with work. "We have concentrated so hardon teaching children how to read that we have forgotten to teach them to want toread, "he says. His audience is surprised to hear that only 22 percent ofeighth-graders read for fun daily, while 65 percent watch three hours or more oftelevision each day. Research also indicates that average reading proficiency dropswhen TV viewing reaches about three hours a day. Their parents'habits are nobetter: a recent survey shows a decline in newspaper readership among U.S. adults. Lest there be any doubt about the stakes involved, Treleasemakes a bold claim. Reading, he says, is the single most important socialfactor in American life today. "The more you read, the smarter you grow. The longeryou stay in school, the more money you earn. The more you earn, the better yourchildren will do in school. So if you hook a child with reading, you influence notonly his future but also that of the next generation.” Trelease found his calling not because it spoke to hisintellect, but because it nurtured his emotions. When his two children, Elizabeth andJamie were young, Trelease and his wife, Susan, fed them as many books as meals."I read to my kids because my father had read to me,"he says. "I justwanted them to have the good feelings I had had."
gave food to a person(Para. 5)
fed
(25). 46.When smoking amongst women was not as widespread as it is now. women wereconsidered to be almost free from cardiovascular diseases and lung cancer.Unhappily, the situation has changed, and smoking kills over half a million womeneach year in the industrialized world. But it is also anincreasingly important cause of ill health amongst women in developingcountries 47.A recent World Health Organization(WHO) consultation on the statistical aspects oftobacco-related mortality concluded that the toll that can be attributed to smokingthroughout the world is 2.7 million deaths per year. It alsopredicted that, if current patterns of cigarette smoking continue unchanged, theglobal death toll from tobacco by the year 2025 may increase to eight milliondeaths per year. A large proportion of these will be amongst women.. 48.Despite these alarming statistics, the scale of the threat that smoking poses to women'shealth has received surprisingly little attention. Smoking is still seen by many as a mainlymale problem, perhaps because men were the first to take up the habit andtherefore the first to suffer the ill effects. This is no longer the case. Women who smokelike men will die like men. WHO estimates that in industrializedcountries, smoking rates amongst men and women are very similar,at around 30 percent; in a large number of developed countries, smoking is now more commonamong teenage giris than boys. Aswomen took up smoking later than men, the full impact of smoking on their health has yetto be seen. But it is clear from countries where women smoked longest, such asthe United Kingdom and the United States, that smoking causes the samediseases in women as in men and the gap between their death rates is narrowing. 49.On current trends, some 20 to 25 per cent of women who smoke will die fromtheir habit. One in three of these deaths will be among women under 65 years of age.TheUS Surgeon General has estimated that, amongst these women, smoking isresponsible for around 40 per cent heart disease deaths, 55 per cent of lethal strokesand, among women of all ages, 80 per cent of lung cancer deaths and 30 per cent ofall cancer deaths. Over the last 20 years, death rates in women from lung cancer havemore than doubled in Japan, Norway, Poland, Sweden and the United Kingdom;have increased by more than 200 per cent in Australia, Demark and New Zealand;and have increased by more than 300 per cent in Canada and the United States. Thereare dramatically increasing trends in respiratory cancer among women in developedcountries, and the casual relationship of smoking, rather than air pollution andother factors, to lung cancer is very clear. 50. In the United States,for instance, themortality rate for lung cancer among female non-smokers has not changed duringthe past 20 years. During the same period, the rate among female smokers hasincreased by a factor of half. In South-East Asia, more than 85 per cent of oralcancer cases in women are caused by tobacco habits
Directions: In the following passage, there are five groups of underlined sentences. Read the passage carefully and translate these sentences into Chinese. Write the Chinese version on your Answer Sheet.
46.在女性吸烟不像现在这样普遍的时候,人们认为女性几乎不会患心血管疾病和肺癌。不幸的是,这种情况已经发生改变。在工业化国家吸烟每年会夺去五十多万女性的生命。
47.世界卫生组织最近召开会议,对因烟草而导致的死亡人数进行统计,结论是每年全世界因吸烟导致死亡的人数为270万。
48.尽管这些统计数据使人惊恐,但令人吃惊的是,吸烟对女性健康造成威胁的严重程度并未引起人们的注意。很多人仍然认为吸烟主要是男性的问题,这可能是因为男性是最先染上吸烟习惯的,所以他们也是最先的受害者。
49.依照当前的趋势,大约百分之二十至百分之二十五的女性会死于吸烟恶习。死亡人数的三分之一将是65岁以下的女性。
50.例如,在美国,在过去的20年中非吸烟的女性中肺癌的死亡率并未发生变化。而同期该比率在吸烟女性中增加了一半。
(26).Directions: In this section of the test, there are ten paragraphs. Each of the paragraphs is followed by an incomplete phrase or sentence which summarizes the main idea of the paragraph. Spell out the missing letters of the word on your Answer Sheet.
The edible soybean is a vegetable of high protein content containing 35 to 40 percent of protein and from 18 to 20 percent of oil. It is well supplied with vitamins and mineral salts. Compared with some other foods, soybeans contain one and one-half times as much protein as cheese and peas, eleven times as much protein as milk.
40. The b______ of soybeans.
benefits
(27).Directions: In this section of the test, there are ten paragraphs. Each of the paragraphs is followed by an incomplete phrase or sentence which summarizes the main idea of the paragraph. Spell out the missing letters of the word on your Answer Sheet.
Agriculture experts worry that a severe drought that began in June may damage the rice harvest in central and eastern China this year. but add that it's too early to know whether the entire country will be affected.
36. Drought takes toll on rice c______.
crop
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