【成人自考】【英语词汇学】【00832】2017年04月考试真题
(1).English lexicology is chiefly concerned with the basic _____of words in general and of English words in particular.
A.structures正确答案C
B.relations
C.theories
D.equivalents
(2).Which ofthe following statements is NOT true?
A.Word is the smallest form of a language.正确答案A
B.Word is a sound unity.
C.Word has a given meaning.
D.Word can be used freely in a sentence.
(3).English words may fall into the basic word stock and non-basic vocabulary by ______.
A.notion正确答案B
B.use frequency
C.origin
D.form
(4).The world has about 3000 languages, which can be grouped into roughly 300 language families on the basis ofsimilarities in their basic word stock and______.
A.grammar正确答案A
B.construction
C.pronunciation
D.notion
(5).In early Middle English period, English, Latin and ______ existed side by side.
A.French正确答案A
B.German
C.Celtic
D.Danish
(6).New words or expressions like green revolution, space shuttle, moon walk come intopresent-day English vocabulary due to ______ .
A.the growth ofglobalization正确答案C
B.social, economic and political changes
C.rapid growth of science and technology
D.the influence of other cultures and languages
(7).For the words collection, idealistic, ex-prisoner, only collect, ideal, prison are _____.
A.bound morphemes正确答案B
B.free morphemes
C.grammatical words
D.functional words
(8).For the word contradiction, -dictis called a（n） _____.
A.free root正确答案B
B.bound root
C.inflectional affix
D.derivational affix
(9).There is an inflectional affix in the word _____ .
A.rainy正确答案D
B.southward
C.predict
D.potatoes
(10).The most productive means of vocabulary expansion in modern English are the following EXCEPT ______.
A.affixation正确答案D
B.compounding
C.conversion
D.blending
(11).Of the following prefixes, ______is a prefix of attitude.
A.pro (pro-student)正确答案A
B.micro- (microcomputer)
C.mis- (misconduct)
D.non- (non-smoker)
(12).Nouns like help, cheat are converted from verbs of the same form, indicating ______.
A.state of mind正确答案D
B.event or activity
C.result ofthe action
D.doer ofthe action
(13).The word like airmail is a（n） ______ word, since one can figure out its meaning from each morpheme ofthe word.
A.onomatopoeically-motivated正确答案B
B.morphologically motivated
C.semantically-motivated
D.etymologically-motivated
(14).Which ofthe following words is NOT an onomatopoeically-motivated word?
A.miaow正确答案B
B.miniskirt
C.cuckoo
D.quack
(15).Pregnant, expecting, in the club can have the same conceptual meaning, but differ in their ____ values.
A.stylistic正确答案A
B.affective
C.denotative
D.connotative
(16).From the diachronic point of view, ______ is assumed to be the result of growth and development ofthe semantic structure ofone and same word.
A.polysemy正确答案A
B.homonymy
C.synonymy
D.antonymy
(17).The difference between rich and wealthy shows that synonyms may differ in ______.
A.the range ofmeaning正确答案B
B.degree of intensity
C.connotation
D.application
(18).There was a fine rocking-chair his father used to sit in, a nest of small tables and a dark,imposing bookcase. Now all this furniture was to be sold, and with it his own past. We can see coherence by ______ in the above sentences.
A.antonymy正确答案D
B.synonymy
C.homonymy
D.hyponymy
(19).The word accident originally meant "event", but now means "unfortunate event" only. This example shows ______of meaning.
A.extension正确答案B
B.narrowing
C.degradation
D.transfer
(20).Which of the following words has NOT undergone extension ofmeaning?
A.box: container made of boxwood→any container正确答案C
B.layman: one who is not of clergy→non-member of any profession
C.busybody: busy person→officious and meddlesome person
D.citizen: city dweller→inhabitant ofa state or nation
(21).Pitiful originally meant "full of pity", but now has changed to "deserving pity". This example shows ______.
A.associated transfer正确答案D
B.transfer ofsensations
C.transfer between abstract and concrete meanings
D.transfer between subjective and objective meanings
(22).Many familiar words have different meanings when they are used in different contexts. Study the following sentences carefully and decide in which sentence stage means "to plan;, arrange and carry out". '
A.The union kept plans alive to stage new strikes.正确答案A
B.The scientists have added another stage to the rocket.
C.Michael Jackson is a star ofthe stage, screen and television.
D.I believe in the national independence as the first stage of responsible self-government.
(23).The ball was attractive. The above sentence has ambiguity due to ______.
A.polysemy正确答案B
B.homonymy
C.antonymy
D.grammatical structure
(24)._______ is used as context clue in the following sentence: The village had most of the usual amenities: a pub, a library, a post office and a school.
A.Definition正确答案B
B.Hyponymy
C.Word structure
D.Relevant details
(25).The idiom tit for tat is not to be turned into tat for tit. This shows that ______.
A.many idioms are grammatically unanalysable正确答案B
B.the word order ofidioms cannot be inverted or changed
C.the meaning of an idiom is to a large extent unchangeable
D.the constituents ofan idiom cannot be deleted or added to
(26).The English idiom "_______" means "something useless and unwanted but big and costly"
A.white elephant正确答案A
B.flesh and blood
C.an apple ofdiscord
D.fly in the ointment
(27).The rhetorical device of rhyme is used in the idiom "_______".
A.rough and ready正确答案B
B.wear and tear
C.scream and shout
D.bag and baggage
(28).In Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, one ofthe entries of the word blood says: [C]old use a fashionable young man. The information that is NOT provided under this entry is ______.
A.definition正确答案D
B.usage
C.grammar
D.language notes
(29).Which ofthe following is NOT the proper Chinese equivalent for its English item?
A.吃软不吃硬--bully the weak but yield to one who fights back正确答案A
B.布衣素食--coarse clothes and simple fare
C.她很会哄孩子--She has a way with children.
D.没词儿--be stuck for an answer
(30).The specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades and professions communicate among themselves are referred to as ________.
jargon
(31).In modern times, the most important way ofvocabulary expansion is ______of new words by means of word-formation.
creation
(32).In the words or expressions desks, the children’s library, happiest, -s, -s, -est are called ______affixes.
inflectional
(33).The prefixes in words like disobey, injustice, immature, unfair are ______prefixes.
negative
(34).The synonymous pair like die-pass away has the same______ but different socio-cultural and stylistic values.
concept
(35).Absolute synonyms are words which are identical in meaning in all aspects, i.e. both in grammatical meaning and_______meaning.
lexical
(36).Churl, hussy, wench, villain were originally neutral in color have all down-graded as "ill-mannered or bad people". This example shows that the attitudes of _______have also made inroads into lexical meaning in the case of degradation.
classes
(37).In some cases, the meanings of a word may be influenced by the structure in which it occurs. This is what we call _______context.
grammatical
(38).All sentence idioms are complete sentences. They are mainly proverbs and _______, including colloquialisms and catchphrases.
sayings
(39).For beginners and elementary learners, a ______ dictionary is essential as theydo not know enough ofthe target language to understand fully a monolingual dictionary.
bilingual
(40).dialectal words
Dialectal words are words used only by speakers of the dialect in question.
(41).monomorphemic words
Monomorphemic words are morphemes that can stand by themselves and function freely in a sentence.
(42).etymological motivation
Etymological motivation accounts for the connection between the origin of a word and its meaning.
(43).degradation of meaning
Degradation of meaning is a process whereby words of good origin fall into ill reputation or non-affective words come to be used in derogatory sense.
(44).phrasal verbs
Phrasal verbs are idioms which are composed of a verb plus a prep. and /or a particle.
(45).What are the three channels through which modern English vocabulary develops?
Creation, semantic change and borrowing
(46).The following words are formed by means of suffixation. Group the following words into nounsuffixes, verb suffixes and adjective suffixes. darken, economical, socialist, decision, beautify, modernize, adulthood, successful, childish
noun suffixes: socialist, decision, adulthoodverb suffixes: darken, beautify, modernizeadjective suffixes: economical, successful, childish
(47).What are the three classes that homonyms fall into, based on the degree of similarity?
Perfect homonyms, homographs and homophones.
(48).Explain the misunderstanding of the phrase "look out" in the following situation: when someoneon the second floor was ready to pour water out of the window, he called "Look out!” to warnthe people outside in the street to go away. But the man on the first floor heard the col and stretched his head out of the window just in time to receive the water.
It happened not because the man on the first floor didn't know the linguistic item look out, but because he was unaware of the context of situation. The people in the street wouldn't make such a mistake. This shows extra-linguistic context can often exercise great influence on the meaning of words.
(49).Comment on the following two sentences to illustrate the differences between conversion and affixation. A. They room right next to me. B. She tried to beautify her room with posters and plants.
Both room and beauty are nouns, but room in sentence A is used as a verb without changing the form, which beauty cannot be used as a verb without adding an affix as in sentence B. Sentence A is a case of conversion or zero-derivation whereas sentence B is one of the suffixation as the suffix---ify is added to make beauty a verb.
(50).What is the fundamental difference between the processes of radiation and concatenation, andhow are they closely related?
Unlike radiation where each of the derived meanings is directly connected to the primary meaning, concatenation describes a process where each of the later meaning is related only to the preceding one like chains ,though the latest sense can be traced back to the original. There is no direct connection in between. Radiation and concatenation are closely related, being different stages of the development leading to polysemy. Generally, radiation precedes concatenation. In many cases, the two processes work together, complementing each other.
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