The causes of the surge in youth violencesince the m

  The causes of the surge in youth violencesince the mid-1980s reach. of course, well beyond demographics. There have beentremendous changes in the social context of crime over the past decade, whichexplain why this generation of youth-the young and the ruthless-is more violentthan others before it. 46. Our youngsters have more dangerous drugs in theirbodies, more deadly weapons in their hands, and a seemingly more casualattitude about violence. It is clear that too many teenagers in thiscountry, particularly those in urban areas, are plagued with idleness and evenhopelessness. 47. A growing number of teens and preteens see few feasible orattractive alternatives to violence, drug use, and gang membership. For them,the American Dream is a nightmare. There may be little to live for and tostrive for, but plenty to die for and even to kill for  The problem of kids with guns cannot beoverstated in view of recent trends in gun-related killings among youth. Sincethe mid-1980s, the number of gun-homicides-particularly withhandguns-perpetrate by juveniles has quadrupled, while the prevalence ofjuvenile homicide involving all other weapons combined has remained virtuallyconstant.  Guns are far more lethal in severalrespects. A 14-year-old armed with a gun is far more menacing than a44-year-old with a gun. 48. Although juveniles may be untrained in usingfirearms, they are more willing to pull the trigger over trivial matters-aleather jacket, a pair of sneakers a challenging remark, or no reason at allwithout fully considering the consequences. Also, the gun psychologically distancesthe offender from the victim: if the same youngster had to kill his or her victim(almostalways someone known) with hands, he or she might be deterred by the physicalcontact.  49. While the negative socializing forcesof drugs. guns, gangs, and the media have become more threatening the positivesocializing forces of family, school, religion. and neighborhood have grownrelatively weak and ineffective. Increasingly, children are being raised in homes disruptedby divorce and economic stress; too many children emerge undersocialized andundersupervised.  50. At this juncture, as many as 57 percent of children in America do not have full-time parental supervision, eitherliving with single parent who works full time or in a two-parent household withboth parents working full time. The lack of parental supervision for young children isnearly as great. As many as 49 per cent of children under age six do not havethe benefit of full-time parenting. While some children enjoy suitablesubstitute supervision provided by friends and relatives or in day-care, fartoo many do not.  51. I do not mean to imply any special blameon the part of parents, and mothers in particular. While some parents areterribly ill-prepared for the task of raising children, most parents are wellmeaning and would like to have a greater role in their children's lives. However, many families lackthe support to control and guide their children. We should assist parents, notassail them. 
Directions: In the following passage, there are five groups of underlined sentences. Read the passage carefully and translate these sentences into Chinese. Write the Chinese version on your Answer Sheet.
【正确答案】：46.我们的年轻人吸食了更多危险的毒品,他们的手里有更多致命的武器,而且他们对暴力持有似乎更不在乎的态度。
47.除了暴力、吸毒、加入帮派以外,越来越多的青少年几乎找不到可行的或具有吸引力的其它选择。对他们而言,美国梦就是一场噩梦。
48.尽管青少年也许未曾接受过使用武器方面的训练,但他们更会因为小事就扣动扳机--一件皮夹克,一双运动鞋,一句挑衅的话,或者没有任何缘由--根本不会充分考虑这样做的后果。
49.当毒品、枪支、帮派和媒体的消极社会力量变得更具威胁性时,家庭、学校、宗教和社区的积极社会力量却变得相对薄弱和无效。
50.在这个关键时期,美国多达57%的儿童没有父母的全天候监管,他们要么生活在一个全职工作的单亲家庭,要么生活在一个全职工作的双亲家庭。
51.我并非要特别地将责任归咎于父母,尤其是母亲。尽管有些父母在承担抚养孩子的任务方面毫无准备,但他们中的大多数都是善意的,愿意在子女的成长过程中扮演更重要的角色。